Functions

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

Structural, regulatory, contractile, storage, protective, transport, catalytic, toxic

Question 2

Nucleic acids

Answer 2

Carry genetic instructions for all cellular processes, protein synthesis, gene regulation, genome for some viruses

Question 3

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 3

Structural, energy, recognition

Question 4

Lipids

Answer 4

Structural, regulatory, energy

Question 5

Cells

Answer 5

Make cellular materials, obtain raw materials, remove waste, generate energy, control all this

Question 6

Organelles

Answer 6

Provide specialised conditions, keep incompatible substances apart, form concentration gradients, package things for transport/export

Question 7

Membrane proteins

Answer 7

Signal transduction, cell recognition, intercellular joining, linking cytoskeleton and ECM, membrane transport

Question 8

sER

Answer 8

Metabolise carbs, synthesise lipids, detoxification, store calcium

Question 9

rER

Answer 9

Protein synthesis

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Glycosylation, make polysaccharides, sort proteins, tag vesicles

Question 11

Vesicles

Answer 11

transport, secretory, vacuoles, artificial

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Degrade macromolecules, digest and recycle unwanted cellular materials, important in programmed cell death

Question 13

Vacuoles

Answer 13

Lysosome like functions, enable plant cell turgidity

Question 14

Protein extensin

Answer 14

Control extensibility of cell by cross linking pectin and cellulose

Question 15

Cell wall

Answer 15

Regulating cell shape (orientation of microfibrils influences cell morphology), structural support, prevents excessive water uptake

Question 16

Plasmodesmata

Answer 16

Free exchange of small molecules, communication

Question 17

Microtubules

Answer 17

Resist compression, motility

Question 18

Microfilaments

Answer 18

Resist tension, cortical network reduces fluidity, muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, cytoplasmic streaming

Question 19

Intermediate filaments

Answer 19

Maintain cell shape, anchor organelles

Question 20

Tight junction

Answer 20

Prevent fluid movement between cells (force molecules to enter cell)

Question 21

Gap junction

Answer 21

Quick intercellular communication

Question 22

Desmosome

Answer 22

Rivet, anchor

Question 23

Nuclear lamina

Answer 23

Helps in organisation of packing of DNA

Question 24

Nucleolus

Answer 24

Synthesise ribosomal RNA and subunits