Module 1 and 2

Question 1

Pterygium

Answer 1

a. Triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across outer surface of the cornea, usually from nasal side. Reddening and irritation may occur. May interfere with vision as it approaches pupil

Question 2

visual acuity. What does it mean to say someone has 20/20 vision?

Answer 2

a. The person is able to see at 20 feet what a “normal” eye can see at 20 feet

Question 3

Red Reflexes and why we test them

Answer 3

a. Shine the light beam on the pupil and look for the orange glow in the pupil. Absence suggests opacity of the lens or less commonly detached retina, mass or retinoblastoma

Question 4

dipoplia and what can cause it

Answer 4

a. Double vision, can be caused by nerve damage or injury to muscle, or central lesions in brainstem. Diplopia in one eye with the other closed suggests problem in the ocular surface, cornea lens and macula

Question 5

subconjunctival hemorrhage and how does it present

Answer 5

a. Red, painless eye

Question 6

a. Direct reaction

Answer 6

• pupillary constriction in the same eye

Question 7

b. Consensual reaction-

Answer 7

• pupillary constriction in opposite eye

Question 8

a. Exophthalmos

Answer 8

increased axial projection

Question 9

b. Proptosis

Answer 9

abnormal protrusion of eyeballs leading to “stare” on frontal gaze

Question 10

a. Hordeolum

Answer 10

stye. Painful, tnder, red infection in the inner or outer margin of the eyelid, usually from staph aureus.

Question 11

b. Chalazion

Answer 11

subacute non tender usually painless nodule caused by blocked meibomian gland, normally points inside the lid rather than on the lid margin

Question 12

9. Glaucoma and exam findings associated with

Answer 12

a. Sever aching, deep, severe photophobia, no discharge, dilated/fixed pupil, steamy/cloudy cornea

Question 13

Retinal detachment clinical presentation

Answer 13

a. Flashes of light, floaters, temporary loss of vision in one eye

Question 14

Scotomas

Answer 14

a. Blind spot

Question 15

a. Weber

Answer 15

• tests for lateralization. Place tuning fork on top of patients head or mid forehead. Where does patient hear sound best?

Question 16

b. Rinne

Answer 16

• compare air conduction and bone conduction. Place base of vibrating tuning fork on the mastoid bone behind ear and level with canal. When patient can’t hear sound anymore, place prongs near ear and ask if patient hears vibration

Question 17

Epistasis

Answer 17

a. Bleeding from nasal passages
b. Nose picking (trauma), inflammation, drying, tumor, foreign bodies

Question 18

a. Otitis externa

Answer 18

pain in external canal, pain that increases with movement of tragus. AKA swimmers ear.

Question 19

b. Otitis media

Answer 19

pain in middle ear

Question 20

4. Understand testing for auditory or gross hearing

Answer 20

a. Whispered voice test, 2 feet away and behind seated patient, test ear individually. Whisper combo of numbers and letters

Question 21

Torus Palantinus

Answer 21

a. Benign midline lump on roof of mouth

Question 22

ABCDE of melanoma

Answer 22

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diamter over 6mm
Evolving

Question 23

macule

Answer 23

flat, small

Question 24

patches

Answer 24

flat, large

Question 25

papules

Answer 25

raised, small

Question 26

plaques

Answer 26

raised, large

Question 27

vesicles

Answer 27

fluid filled, small

Question 28

bullae

Answer 28

fluid filled, large

Question 29

pustule

Answer 29

small plapable collection of neutrophils or keratin that appears white

Question 30

furuncle

Answer 30

inflamed hair follicle, multiple together form carbuncle

Question 31

actinic keratosis

Answer 31

easier to feel than see, can lead to squamous cell carcinoma

Question 32

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 32

smooth but firm border
typically arise rapidly

Question 33

cherry angioma

Answer 33

birght or ruby red, may become purplish with age, 1-3mm, round, flat, sometimes raised
found on trunk, extremities
not significant, increase in size and number with aging

Question 34

spider angioma

Answer 34

fiery red, very small-2 cm
central body, sometimes raised
face, neck, arms, upper trunk, almost never below waist
seen in liver dx, pregnancy, vitamin B def.

Question 35

alopecia areata

Answer 35

sudden onset of clearly demarcated, usually localized round and oval patches of hair loss

Question 36

paronychia

Answer 36

superficial infection of proximal and lateral nail folds, often red, swollen, tender. Most commonly from staph aureus

Question 37

melanonychia

Answer 37

caused by increased pigmentation in nail matrix, leads to streak as nail grows out

Question 38

oncholysis

Answer 38

painless separation of the whitened opaque nail plate from pinker tranlucent nail bed

Question 39

onychomycosis

Answer 39

most common cause of nail thickening and subungual debris

Question 40

terry nails

Answer 40

nail plate turns white with ground glass appearance, distal band of reddish brown and obliteration of lunula, seen in liver disease