Module 1 - Anatomy

Question 1

Macroscopic/ Gross

Answer 1

• systemic anatomy
• regional anatomy
• surface anatomy

Question 2

Microscopic

Answer 2

Cytology: study of cells
Histology: study of tissues

Question 3

palpation

Answer 3

touching

Question 4

Auscultation

Answer 4

listening

Question 5

Percussion

Answer 5

tapping, feeling, and listening

Question 6

Systems of protection, support, and movement

Answer 6

integumentary, skeletal, muscular

Question 7

Systems of internal communication and control

Answer 7

nervous and endocrine systems

Question 8

systems of fluid transport

Answer 8

circulatory and lymphatic systems

Question 9

systems of intake and output

Answer 9

digestive, urinary, and respiratory systems

Question 10

systems of reproduction

Answer 10

reproductive system

Question 11

Levels of Human Structure

Answer 11

• atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 12

major themes of A&P

Answer 12

1) structure/function
2) energy
3) gradients
4) information flow
5) homeostasis

Question 13

what is the energy currency of the cell?

Answer 13

ATP

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

• provides energy for metabolic reactions
• gained from nutrients via cellular respiration (carbohydrates, proteins, fats)
• energy is released from chemical bonds (nutrient bonds are broken to make ATP, ATP bonds are broken to power other reactions)

Question 15

Gradients

Answer 15

Difference in concentration between two points

Question 16

Transport

Answer 16

Movement is typically from high to low concentrations

Question 17

types of gradients

Answer 17

1) pressure gradients
2) electrical gradients
3) concentration gradients
4) thermal/temperature gradients

Question 18

homeostasis

Answer 18

• maintaining a stable internal environment despite continuous external changes

Question 19

homeostasis is a DYNAMIC equilibrium

Answer 19

• internal changes within narrow, controlled limits
• fluctuations around a set point
• requires continuous monitoring and regulation by body systems

Question 21

negative feedback

Answer 21

• a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it
  examples: blood pressure, blood glucose levels, hunger, extracellular fluid levels

Question 22

positive feedback

Answer 22

• a system that, as a response to a stimulus changing a variable from a setpoint, causes a greater deviation from the setpoint
• the response enhances or intensifies the original stimulus (self-amplifying)
• usually leads away from homeostasis
  examples:
  1) breastfeeding: nursing increases milk production
  2) labor and delivery: uterine contractions during childbirth
  3) blood coagulation: platelet plug formation in blood clotting