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Cardiovascular System > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main components of the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

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2
Q

What is the cardiovascular systems 4 essential functions?

A
  1. Pumps materials throughout the body
  2. Transports blood throughout the body
  3. Delivers important substances like nutrients, oxygen, gas to body cells and removes metabolic waste
  4. returns excess tissue fluid back to the blood stream
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3
Q

What is the heart surrounded by?

A

Serous membrane called pericardium

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4
Q

What are the four layers of the heart starting from the outside in?

A

Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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5
Q

What is the pericardium made up of?

A

Serous membrane

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6
Q

What is the endocardium made up of?

A

Epithelial tissue

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7
Q

What are the hearts 4 seperate chambers?

A

Right and left superior atria

Right and left Inferior ventricles

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8
Q

What is the atrium?

A

The receiving chamber where blood enters the heart

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9
Q

What is the ventricle?

A

Discharging chambers

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10
Q

What do blood vessels do?

A

Transport blood away from and back to the heart

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11
Q

What are arteries?

A

Take blood away from the heart to body tissues

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12
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Tiny blood vessels-site of transfer of materials in and out of the blood

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13
Q

What do arteries turn into as they get smaller?

A

Arteries turn into arterioles that then turn into capillaries

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14
Q

Why are arteries thicker then veins?

A

They carry blood under pressure as the heart pumps

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15
Q

What are the 2 main arteries that take blood away the heart?

A

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

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16
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Takes blood rich in oxygen from the left ventricle to the body

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17
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Takes blood low in oxygen from the right ventricle to the lungs where gas exchange occurs

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18
Q

What happens in systemic circulation?

A

Oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle is forced through the aortic SV valve where the blood enters the aorta to circulate around the body to body tissues to pass oxygen to cells and returns to the right atrium with low oxygen before being repeated

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19
Q

What happens in pulmonary circulation?

A

Blood low in oxygen enters the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava passes through the tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle, the blood is forced through the pulmonary SV valve where the blood enters the pulmonary artery and goes to the lungs where blood picks up oxygen & goes back to the heart high in oxygen entering the left atrium via the pulmonary vein then passes through the bicuspid valve and enters back into the left ventricle

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20
Q

What are heart valves?

A

Prevent back flow and ensure blood flows in one direction

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21
Q

How many heart valves are there?

A

4

22
Q

What are the 4 heart valves?

A

Av valve-left and right side
L=bicuspid
R=tricuspid

SL valves
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve

23
Q

Where is the left av valve located?

A

Between the atrium & ventricle which is seperated by the bicuspid valve ( miteral valve)

24
Q

Where is the right av valve located?

A

The tricuspid valve is Between the right atrium and right ventricle

25
Q

What is the right side of the heart responsible for?

A

For collecting blood from the body and sending it to the lungs to pick up oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide

26
Q

What is the left side of the heart responsible for?

A

Collects blood from the lungs and pumps it through the body

27
Q

What does blood returning to the heart travel through?

A

Veins

28
Q

What does blood travelling away from the heart travel through?

A

Arteries

29
Q

What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

Systole & diastole

30
Q

What happens in systole?

A

Contractions of the atria and ventricles! Blood is ejected from the heart

31
Q

What happens in diastole?

A

Relaxed state/ resting period between contractions of the heart! It’s when the heart fills with blood

32
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

33
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

Pumps the oxygenated blood through the body

34
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Movement of blood from the right ventricle to lungs then back to left atrium

35
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body and back to the right atrium

36
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Take blood away from the heart

37
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Takes blood from our heart to our body ( biggest artery )

38
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Takes blood from our heart to our lungs

39
Q

What do veins do?

A

Return de oxygenated blood back to the heart

40
Q

What does the superior and inferior vena cava do?

A

Bring the blood from the top and bottom half of our body’s back to our heart

41
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do?

A

Returns oxygenated blood back to the heart

42
Q

What is a venule?

A

Same as veins but a branch off of veins

43
Q

What happens in systemic circulation?

A

Takes blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues. Returns de oxygenated blood to the right atrium

44
Q

What happens in pulmonary circulation?

A

Is blood taken from the right ventricle and delivered to the lungs! Returns oxygenated blood to left atrium from the lungs

45
Q

What are the five intrinsic conduction systems?

A

Sink-atrial nose (SA node)- collection of pacemaker cells

Atrioventricular node ( AV node )-2nd pacemaker cells. ( impulses are generated in the SA node & carried to the AV nodes

Bundle of his- impulse from SA and AV sent here

Right and left bundle branches-impulses divide between the two

Purkinje fibres-impulse then carried here into the contractile cells of ventricles

46
Q

What is the intrinsic conduction system?

A

Energy source of the heart, made up of modified heart muscle cells

47
Q

Why does MI occur?

A

Loss of muscle function, starved from oxygen, blood vessels that supply blood to the heart become blocked with plaque

48
Q

What is cardiomyopathy and why does it occur?

A

Infection of the heart, reasons can be diabetes, high blood pressure, hereditary

49
Q

Examples of electrical problems in the heart?

A

Bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, atrioventrocular block

50
Q

What is atherosclerosis and why does it occur?

A

Disease of the blood vessels

Hardening of the arteries ( happens to all of us to some Extent)

Cardiovascular System (4 decks)

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