Module 1 Flashcards
What is a branch of the field of neurobiology we are studying?
developmental neurobiology
In developmental neurobiology, we look at how the ____ systems in the body (from a ____ perspective) answer how and why humans across the lifespan become more ____ to their environments and their own states.
messaging
neurological
adaptive
Development is simultaneous ____ and ____ of adaptive function.
integration
differentiation
Whose discovery laid the foundation for the study of neurons?
Galvani
What is cited as the historical beginning of the study of biological basis of behavior?
Case of Phineas Cage
What changes the personality and cognition of a patient?
Lobotomy
The study of the brain and behavior during the 1800s and 1800s relied heavily on ____ and ____ .
observation
theorizing
What was initiated by John Watson in 1913?
Behaviorism
Behaviorists wanted to study observable ____ and ____ only.
learning
behavior
What did behaviorist theories begin to give way to?
developmental theories
Techniques studying the brain allow us to look at the ____ structure of the brain in detail, see how the brain ____ , and what part of the brain is involved in doing ____ ____ . Name 5 techniques.
anatomical
functions
various tasks
EEG, CAT, PET, MRI (fMRI), and MEG
____ , ____ ,and ____ of input from the environment affect the structure and functioning of the developing brain.
timing
type
degree
____ experience greatly influences brain organization.
early
The general ____ of the early ____ affects overall brain ____ .
quality
environment
growth
Chronic ____ disrupts the brain’s ____ to develop ____ systems and to manage stress in the long term.
stress
capacity
communication
In early childhood, neurons develop and form an elaborate ____ ____ . As the individual develops, some connections between brain cells are ____ and ____ - ____ and others are selectively ____ or ____ .
communication system maintained hard-wired eliminated pruned
What part of the brain is developing throughout adolescence?
the frontal lobes
What is the workhorse of the nervous system?
neuron
How is a neuron drawn?
left to right
The ____ is where information flows into in the neuron.
Dendrites
Where in the neuron is energy mostly produced?
the cell body
Where in the cell body is full of your DNA?
nucleous
What is the centerpiece of the cell?
Cell body
The long cable reaching out towards the next output to the brain is the ____ .
axon
What is the means by which the neuron communicates to the next neuron in line?
the axon
What reaches out to the dendritic spine of the next neuron?
axon terminals
What cell is in a supporting role in getting neurons to work?
glial cells
Where does excitation start?
dendritic end
What is the standard base function of neurons?
The sodium-potassium pump
Hallmark of the nervous system?
Spends half its energy in their resting state circumstances keeping the ions separated
What is it called when you have one neuron sending an excitatory message to the dendritic spine over and over again so you get enough of a wave going?
temporal summation
What is it called when you have a whole bunch of neurons having inputs all at once, a whole bunch of dendritic spines starting their little wavelets which combine together, agreeing at once?
Spatial summation
What is the transitional point between the cell body and the axon itself?
axon hillock
What does it have to decide whether or not to pass on?
threshold
What is the signal that travels a stretch of membrane, the electrical potential that becomes exponentially smaller?
decrementing signal
The action potential keeps getting ____ because it doesn’t decrement.
regenerated
How many average neuronal dendritic spines and axon terminals?
10,000 each
What is a charged atom?
ion
What is biochemistry?
takes place in a living being
