Module 1

Question 1

What is a branch of the field of neurobiology we are studying?

Answer 1

developmental neurobiology

Question 2

In developmental neurobiology, we look at how the ____ systems in the body (from a ____ perspective) answer how and why humans across the lifespan become more ____ to their environments and their own states.

Answer 2

messaging
neurological
adaptive

Question 3

Development is simultaneous ____ and ____ of adaptive function.

Answer 3

integration

differentiation

Question 4

Whose discovery laid the foundation for the study of neurons?

Answer 4

Galvani

Question 5

What is cited as the historical beginning of the study of biological basis of behavior?

Answer 5

Case of Phineas Cage

Question 6

What changes the personality and cognition of a patient?

Answer 6

Lobotomy

Question 7

The study of the brain and behavior during the 1800s and 1800s relied heavily on ____ and ____ .

Answer 7

observation

theorizing

Question 8

What was initiated by John Watson in 1913?

Answer 8

Behaviorism

Question 9

Behaviorists wanted to study observable ____ and ____ only.

Answer 9

learning

behavior

Question 10

What did behaviorist theories begin to give way to?

Answer 10

developmental theories

Question 11

Techniques studying the brain allow us to look at the ____ structure of the brain in detail, see how the brain ____ , and what part of the brain is involved in doing ____ ____ . Name 5 techniques.

Answer 11

anatomical
functions
various tasks
EEG, CAT, PET, MRI (fMRI), and MEG

Question 12

____ , ____ ,and ____ of input from the environment affect the structure and functioning of the developing brain.

Answer 12

timing
type
degree

Question 13

____ experience greatly influences brain organization.

Answer 13

early

Question 14

The general ____ of the early ____ affects overall brain ____ .

Answer 14

quality
environment
growth

Question 15

Chronic ____ disrupts the brain’s ____ to develop ____ systems and to manage stress in the long term.

Answer 15

stress
capacity
communication

Question 16

In early childhood, neurons develop and form an elaborate ____ ____ . As the individual develops, some connections between brain cells are ____ and ____ - ____ and others are selectively ____ or ____ .

Answer 16

communication system
maintained
hard-wired
eliminated
pruned

Question 17

What part of the brain is developing throughout adolescence?

Answer 17

the frontal lobes

Question 18

What is the workhorse of the nervous system?

Answer 18

neuron

Question 19

How is a neuron drawn?

Answer 19

left to right

Question 20

The ____ is where information flows into in the neuron.

Answer 20

Dendrites

Question 21

Where in the neuron is energy mostly produced?

Answer 21

the cell body

Question 22

Where in the cell body is full of your DNA?

Answer 22

nucleous

Question 23

What is the centerpiece of the cell?

Answer 23

Cell body

Question 24

The long cable reaching out towards the next output to the brain is the ____ .

Answer 24

axon

Question 25

What is the means by which the neuron communicates to the next neuron in line?

Answer 25

the axon

Question 26

What reaches out to the dendritic spine of the next neuron?

Answer 26

axon terminals

Question 27

What cell is in a supporting role in getting neurons to work?

Answer 27

glial cells

Question 28

Where does excitation start?

Answer 28

dendritic end

Question 29

What is the standard base function of neurons?

Answer 29

The sodium-potassium pump

Question 30

Hallmark of the nervous system?

Answer 30

Spends half its energy in their resting state circumstances keeping the ions separated

Question 31

What is it called when you have one neuron sending an excitatory message to the dendritic spine over and over again so you get enough of a wave going?

Answer 31

temporal summation

Question 32

What is it called when you have a whole bunch of neurons having inputs all at once, a whole bunch of dendritic spines starting their little wavelets which combine together, agreeing at once?

Answer 32

Spatial summation

Question 33

What is the transitional point between the cell body and the axon itself?

Answer 33

axon hillock

Question 34

What does it have to decide whether or not to pass on?

Answer 34

threshold

Question 35

What is the signal that travels a stretch of membrane, the electrical potential that becomes exponentially smaller?

Answer 35

decrementing signal

Question 36

The action potential keeps getting ____ because it doesn’t decrement.

Answer 36

regenerated

Question 37

How many average neuronal dendritic spines and axon terminals?

Answer 37

10,000 each

Question 38

What is a charged atom?

Answer 38

ion

Question 39

What is biochemistry?

Answer 39

takes place in a living being