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Earth And Life Science > module 1-8 > Flashcards

module 1-8 Flashcards

1
Q

the region where nuclear fusion takes place

A

the core

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2
Q

energy is transported outward primarily by photons travelling trhough this region

A

radiation zone

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3
Q

energy is transported through convection hot gas rises, erradiates their energy, and becomes cold

A

convection zone

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4
Q

the layer of the sun that we see from the earth

A

photosphere

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5
Q

emits a reddish glow as super hydrogen burns off

A

chromosphere

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6
Q

it appears as white streamers or plumes of ionized gas that flow outward into space

A

corona

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7
Q

darker, cooler area of the sun

A

sunspot

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8
Q

regular released of short lived outburst from the sun

A

solar flares

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9
Q

smallest planet and nearest to the sun

A

mercury

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10
Q

is a branch of astronomy that involves the origin and evolution of the universe

A

cosmology

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11
Q

are formed in nebula

A

stars

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12
Q

is a very large cloud of gas and dust in space

A

nebula

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13
Q

is the process by which two nuclei combine and form heavier element

A

nuclear fushion

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14
Q

is a cluster of billion of stars and cluster of galaxies

A

galaxies

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15
Q

he announce the red shift theory that galaxies are moving away from each other

A

1929 edwin hubble

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16
Q

is a faint glow of light that fills the universe

A

cosmic microwave background

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17
Q

the brightest object in the sun and called earth’s twin

A

venus

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18
Q

the only planet who can sustain life (Blue Planet)

A

Earth

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19
Q

also known as the red planet because of iron oxide or rust in its soil

A

mars

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20
Q

the largest planet and has 16 moons

A

jupiter

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21
Q

composed entirely of hydrogen and helium and has many rings made of ice

A

saturn

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22
Q

blue in color sue to methane gas

A

uranus and neptune

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23
Q

is the layer of the atmosphere nearest to the earth. All weather happens here

A

troposphere

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24
Q

contains high level of Ozone layer. almost no weather occurance here

A

stratosphere

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25
Q

coldest layer of the atmosphere. meteors burns up in this layer

A

mesosphere

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26
Q

hottest layer of the atmosphere. aurora happens here

A

thermosphere

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27
Q

outermost layer of the atmosphere. satellites orbits here

A

exosphere

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28
Q

thinnest layer of the earth

A

crust

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29
Q

is the boundary between the crust and mantle and was dicovered by Andrija Mohorovicic

A

Mohorovicic Discontinuity

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30
Q

solid but capable of flow. thickest layer of the earth

A

mantle

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31
Q

lies between planets silicate mantle

A

gutenberg discontinuity

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32
Q

composed of melted metals nickel and iron

A

outer core

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33
Q

is an absurt increase of S waves and P waves

A

Lehmann discontinuity

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34
Q

is the most abundant substance of the earth’s surface

A

water

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35
Q

is the study of movement, distribution and quality of water in earth

A

hydrology

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36
Q

study of fresh water

A

limnology

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37
Q

study of ice on the earth

A

glaciology

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38
Q

study of oceans

A

oceanography

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39
Q

is the smallest ocean. located between europe and asia

A

arctic ocean

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40
Q

located between 60 degree south latitude of antarctica

A

southern ocean

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41
Q

between africa, southern ocean, asia

A

indian ocean

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42
Q

the largest ocean of the world

A

pacific ocean

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43
Q

refers to standing bodies of water (lakes, ponds)

A

lentic

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44
Q

refers to flowing bodies of water

A

lotic

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45
Q

process which transfers water from the ground back to the atmosphere

A

evaporation

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46
Q

moisture is carried thorough plants

A

transpiration

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47
Q

water changes its state from vapor to a liquid

A

condensation

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48
Q

the clouds get heavy and water falls back to the earth

A

precipitation

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49
Q

the process where water soaks into the ground

A

infiltration

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50
Q

physical features of the earth’s surface that are constantly changing

A

land forms

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51
Q

the weathering process that causes substances that make up the rock to be changed

A

chemical

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52
Q

small particles that have been broken down by the weathering processes

A

sediments

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53
Q

can explain what may be holding galaxies together for the reasons that the low total mass is insufficient for gravity alone to do so

A

dark matter

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54
Q

can explain the observed accelerating expansion of universe

A

dark energy

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55
Q

large mounds of sand formed by wind erosion

A

dunes

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56
Q

formed by natural process on or inside the earth

A

natural

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57
Q

was never alive

A

inorganic

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58
Q

a mineral is a naturally occuring, inorganic, solid, etc

A

mineral

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59
Q

with definite shape and volume

A

solid

60
Q

contains certain element

A

unique chemical composition

61
Q

the particles of a mineral line up in a pattern

A

crytalline shape

62
Q

solid with atoms arranged in an orderly pattern

A

crystal

63
Q

magma cools slowly

A

crystals large

64
Q

magma cools fast

A

crystals small

65
Q

can be misleading

A

color

66
Q

refers to the mineral reflects light from the surface

A

luster

67
Q

color of powder form of mineral

A

streak

68
Q

the way mineral breaks

A

cleavage and fracture

69
Q

break along smooth surfaces

A

cleavage

70
Q

break at rough surfaces

A

fracture

71
Q

how easily mineral scratches

A

hardness

72
Q

forms when molten rock magma cools down and harden

A

igneous rock

73
Q

cooling takes place SLOWLY BENEATH earth surface

A

intrusive igneous rock

74
Q

cooling takes place RAPIDLY on earth’s surface

A

extrusive igneous rock

75
Q

forms from the compaction or cementations of sediments

A

sedimentary rock

76
Q

forms when any rock is changed into a different kind of rock due to great heat and pressure

A

metamorphic rock

77
Q

is an ongoing series of processes inside the earth and on earth surface

A

rock cycle

78
Q

the weathering process that changes rock to smaller pieces without changing their composition

A

Mechanical or physical weathering

79
Q

Water freezes in the cracks of rock and wedges pushes it apart because frozen water expands

A

Frost or Ice wedging

80
Q

the wearing away of rock material by grinding action. it is caused by sediments

A

abrasion

81
Q

sand blasting effect on stationary rock

A

wind abrasion

82
Q

water and sediments flowing from border

A

hydraulic abrasion

83
Q

can split rock and dig hole

A

plant and animal abrasion

84
Q

gradual peeling of layers

A

exfoliation

85
Q

the weathering process that causes substances that make up the rock to be changed

A

chemical weathering

86
Q

change in the composition of minerals when they react to water

A

hydrolysis

87
Q

weathering the details of statues and tombstone

A

acid rain

88
Q

minerals with iron result in a formation of rust and iron oxide

A

oxidation

89
Q

areas that are cold and dry tend to have slow rates of chemical weathering

A

climate

90
Q

the minerals that constitute rocks have different susceptibilities to weathering

A

rock type

91
Q

is the removal and transport of material from one place to another

A

erosion

92
Q

is a huge force of erosion

A

gravity

93
Q

is any type of erosion that happens as gravity moves material down a slope

A

mass movement

94
Q

is the most destructive type of mass movement. it is when rock and soil slide quickly down a steep slope

A

landslide

95
Q

is arapid down hill movement of water, rock, and soil.

A

mudflow

96
Q

is a mass of rock and soil suddenly slips down a slope

A

slump

97
Q

is a very slow downhill movement of rock and soil

A

creep

98
Q

is the process where wind blows loose sediment, removing small particles

A

deflation

99
Q

is sediment that are deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake building up landform

A

delta

100
Q

energy is transferred from one body to another as a result of difference in temperature

A

heat

101
Q

the internal heat energy that gradually gathered together by means of dispersion

A

primordial heat

102
Q

the heat generated by the decay of radio active isotopes of elements

A

radiogenic heat

103
Q

heat moving from a warmer object to a cooler object

A

thermal energy transfer

104
Q

atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neurons

A

isotopes

105
Q

heat is transfered from one body to another without the movement of an object

A

conduction

106
Q

is the movement that transfers heat within fluids and air

A

convection

107
Q

is the energy transfer by electromagnetic waves

A

radiation

108
Q

the theory that the earth’s outermost layer is fragmented into dozen or pieces

A

plate tectonic theory

109
Q

is a large rigid slab of slodi rock

A

plate

110
Q

he is a meteorologist and astronomer

A

Alfred Wegner

111
Q

who tought the continets fit together in 1912

A

ALFRED WEGNER

112
Q

one land mass

A

pangaea

113
Q

the northern part of pangaea

A

laurasia

114
Q

southern part of pangea

A

gondwanaland

115
Q

one sea or all sea

A

panthalassa n

116
Q

the process that continually add new material to the ocean floor pushing older rock

A

sea floor spreading

117
Q

determine how many years old something is

A

absolute

118
Q

used to determine if something is older or younger

A

relative

119
Q

naturally occuring preserved remains or impression of living things

A

fossils

120
Q

age of bacteria

A

Pre Cambrian

121
Q

Age of the Fish. Pangaea. Life Appears on Land

A

Paleozoic era

122
Q

Almost all marine
organisms came into
existence
development of
organisms having the
ability to secrete calcium
carbonate and calcium
phosphate

A

Cambrian Period

123
Q

Marks the
earliest
appearance of
vertebrates
The Jawless
fish and the
agnatha

A

Ordovician Period

124
Q

Brought about the
emergence of
terrestrial life
Air breathing
scorpions and
millipedes were
common during the
period

A

Silurian Period

125
Q

Shark and bony fishes developed

A

Devonian Period

126
Q

Insects under rapid
evolution led to diverse
forms of giant
cockroaches and
dragonflies

A

Carboniferous period

127
Q

Reptiles started to
dominate

A

PErmian Period

128
Q

Age of the Reptiles. Pangaea broke apart during this period

A

Mesozoic

129
Q

Dinosaurs began
to flourish

A

Jurassic Period

130
Q

*Ended with the extinction of
dinasaurs

A

Cretaceous Period

131
Q

Age of the Mammals”
Life: Large mammals
appear, Humans appear

A

CEnozoic

132
Q

a big whirling mass of strong winds and rain moving in counter clockwise

A

trophical cyclone

133
Q

semi organized group of thunderstorms

A

torpical depressions

134
Q

during this time, the storm itself become more organized and bigins to become more circular in shape

A

tropical storm

135
Q

eye develops

A

tropical typhoon

136
Q

signal no 1

A

expected in 36 hours
has a wind of 30-60km per hour

137
Q

signal no. 2

A

expected within 24 hours
has a wind of 61km to 120km per hour

138
Q

it can bring light to moderate damage to high risk structures

A

signal no 2

139
Q

signal no 3

A

winds of 121-170km per hour
expected in 18 hours

140
Q

signal no 4

A

expected within 12 hours
has a wind of 171-185km per hour

141
Q

signal no 5

A

has a wind of more than 220kmph
expected within 12 hours

142
Q

when the discharge of a storm becomes so great that it exceeds the capacity of its channel

A

flooding

143
Q

sweep accross the coast near the point where the eye makes landfall

A

storm surge

144
Q

for some structure the force of the wind is sufficient to caused total ruin

A

wind damage

145
Q

typhoon priginates from

A

pacific ocean

Earth And Life Science (4 decks)

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