All Q2 Flashcards
All the different forms of
life created by God.
Theory of special creation
- Lord Brahma created the living
world in one stroke
Hindu COncept
God created this
universe, plants,
animals and human
beings in about
six days
CHRISTIAN &
ISLAM BELIEF
life
originated elsewhere and
migrated to Earth
Cosmozoic theory
Aristotle (384 –322 BC) Proposed
the theory of spontaneous generation
Idea that living things can arise from
nonliving matter
Abiogenesis
an English scientist
claimed that there was a
“life force” present in the
molecules of all inorganic
matter
John Needham
Russian scientist hypothesized
that the atmosphere of primitive
earth contained gases like
ammonia, methane, hydrogen and
water vapour.
ALexander Oparin
hypothesized
that the chemicals in the early
atmosphere, fueled by sunlight,
would spontaneously create
organic molecules
Urey Miller
belief that life originates
from pre-existing life
Biogenesis Theory
did an
experiment with flies
and wide-mouth jars
containing meat
fRANCISCO REDI
Boiled soups for almost an hour and sealed containers by melting the slender
necks closed.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
➢ cells tissues organs organ system organism
High degree of organization
A pygmy seahorse camouflaging itself with its environment
. Evolutionary adaptation/ evolution and adaptation
A jackrabbit’s ears opening wide, vividly showing its blood vessel
Regulation and Homeostasis
A butterfly obtaining fuel in the form of nectar from flowers.
ENERGY PROCESSING
A sprouting seed
Growth and Development
A damselfly landing on a venus flytrap, with the flytrap rapidly closing its trap
Ability to respond to stimuli
A garden showing lush vegetation and diverse animals
dEIVERSITY OR UNITY
factors that living things react to
Respond to Stimuli
used to run the prrocesses of life
require and use energy
a relatively stable environment
homeostasis
coined the term “cell” when he first observed tiny compartments in a sliced piece of cork from a mature tree in 1665. He gave them the Latin name “cellulae” meaning
small rooms
Robert Hooke
was the first to see individual organisms and recognized them as living units in 1677
ANton Van leeuwenhoek
introduce the concept that all plants made up of cell
Matthias Schleiden
imtroduced animals are made up of cells
Theodore Schawann
he found out that cells divide to form new cells.
Rudolf Virchow
organisms whose lacks nucleus and other membrane
prokaryotes
contains nucleus
eukaryotes
control all the cell functions
nucleus
semi-permeable membrane that controls what goes into
and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
consists of a jelly-like substance where all the other
parts of the cell are located.
cytoplasm
is made of stiff material that forms the outermost part
of plant cells
- This gives shape and protection to them.q
cell wall
are important in plant cells because it is where food is
made
- It contains chlorophyll which absorbs energy from the
sun to make food for plants.
chloroplasts
store water, thereby maintaining rigidity to cells and
provide support for plants to stand upright
vacuole
Power house of the cell
mitpchondria
Site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
Production of secretory protein synthesis
rough er
Produces Lipids
smooth er
Plays a role in modification, sorting, and packaging
of substances
golgi body
break down food, bacteria and worn out cell parts
also known as digestive sacs
lysosomes
Produce spindle fibers for cellular division
Centrioles
the reproductive organ of plants
flowers
important for the plant to attract pollinators
petals
male part of the flower
stamen
female part of the flower
pistil
the bottom of the flower that look like leaves
sepal
the part of a plant that attaches the flower to the rest of the plant
receptacle
is the process of tansferring pollen grains from the anther
pollination
the fusion of male gamete with female gamees to form zygote during sexual reproduction
fertilization
small part of parent’s body grows into new organism
budding
parents separate into two or more piceses to form new organisms
regeneration
growth and development of embryo withouh ferilization of male
parthenogenesis
male and female join together to ensure fertilization
mating
males and female release the egg in the environment
external fertilization
joining of sperm and egg INSIDE the body after mating
internaol fertilization
the consumption of a substance by an organism
ingestion
is the physical or chemical breakdown of food, so that it can
be absorbed into the blood stream.
digestion
uses adaptation in feeding food particles from the environment,
which is usually aquatic.
filter feeding
Animals live
in or on their
food source.
Substrate feeding
Animals suck
nutrient-rich fluid
from a host or a
source
fluid feeding
animals, such as us humans, take
in large particle sized food
bulk feeding
Food is mechanically broken down by
the teeth, increasing the surface area for
the enzyme to work.
mouth
is a flap-like
structure at the back of
the throat that closes
over the trachea
preventing food from
entering it. It is located
in the Pharynx.
Epiglottis
1.Secrete mucus
2.Moves food from the throat to the
stomach using muscle movement called
peristalsis
esophagus
Proteinase breaks down proteins into
peptides.
stomach
Stores bile from the
liver, releases it into
the small intestine
gall bladder
- filters out toxins and
waste including drugs
and alcohol and
poisons.
liver
▪Produces digestive
enzymes to digest fats,
carbohydrates and
proteins
pancreas
short term storage
which holds feces before it is
expelled (imbakan ng tae)
rectum
A technique used to
*ALTER or MOVE
GENETIC MATERIAL
(Genes) of LIVING CELLS
Genetic Engineering
any organism whose
genetic material has been
altered using genetic
engineering techniques
Genetically modified organisms
microscopic
nerve cells that make up
the brain, spinal cord, and
nerves
neurons
fibers that
receive messages from other
neurons
dendrites
fibers that send
messages to other neurons
axons
- Neurons do NOT touch;
there is a gap between them
called aq
synapse
- Messages are sent across
the synapses by special
chemicals called
neurotransmitter
a mass of 100 billion
neurons located inside the
skull
brain
largest part of human
brain
- Responsible for:
- Thought
- Language
- Senses
- Memory
- Voluntary movement
Cerebrum
at base of
brain
-Responsible for:
- Muscle coordination
- Balance
- Posture
cerebellum
connects brain to
spinal cord
-Responsible for:
- Breathing
- Swallowing
- Heartbeat
- Blood pressure
brainstem
Column of nerves from
brain to tailbone – protected by
vertebrae of spine
spinal cord
visible bundles
of axons and dendrites
that extend from the
brain and spinal cord to
all other parts of the
body
nerves
*is the process of gas
exchange—the release of
carbon dioxide and the
uptake of oxygen that occurs
between RBCs and alveoli
respiration
*is the actual mechanical
intake of air
breathing
*Involuntary contractions of the
diaphragm
*Each contraction is followed by a
sudden closure of your vocal
chords, which produces the
characteristic “hic” sound
Hiccup
warms,
moistens,
& filters
air as it is
inhaled
nose
passageway
for air, leads
to trachea
pharynx
the voice
box, where
vocal
chords are
located
larynx
keeps the
windpipe “open”
trachea is lined
with fine hairs
called cilia which
filter air before it
reaches the
lungs
trachea
keeps the
windpipe “open”
trachea is lined
with fine hairs
cilia
Pumps the blood
heart
conduits through which blood flows
blood vessels
substance which carries the materials
being transported.
blood
Located near center of your
chest
heart
Carry blood away from the heart
arteries
Carry blood toward heart
veins
Connect arteries and veins
Capillaries
Get their color from hemoglobin
– Hemoglobin is iron-containing protein
that binds with oxygen
* Shaped like round plates which are
indented in center
Red blood cells
- Do not contain hemoglobin
- Much less number than RBC’s
(outnumbered 1000 to 1) - Produced from cells in bone marrow
- Fight disease by finding pathogens
- May live for days, months, or even years
white blood cells
contains the heart and all blood vessels, responsible for movement of blood nutrients, and gases
circluatory system
responsible for bringing oxygen and ridding out our bodies carbon dioxide
respiratory systen
includes your hair, nails and skin
integumentary system
receives and sends electrical messages throughout the body
nervous system
