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OCEA 90 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The six steps to create a histogram

A
  1. Identify range in data
  2. Divide range into a set of equally spaced intervals
  3. Number the intervals
  4. Determine which interval each data point belongs in
  5. Add up total number of data points in each interval
  6. Plot the counts vs interval
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2
Q

Probability Density Function (PDF)

A

Graph of probability densities which gives an idea about probability of occurrence in each bin

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3
Q

Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)

A

Gives cumulative sum of probability for all occurrences less than some value

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4
Q

Mean

A

Average of data

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5
Q

Median

A

Middle value which splits data into 2

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6
Q

Mode

A

Most common value

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7
Q

Bimodal

A

When a PDF has two modes

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8
Q

Standard deviation

A

Measure of variations in the data about the mean

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9
Q

A normal distribution shows…

A

The mean and standard deviation

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10
Q

In a normal distribution, the mean, median and mode are…

A

All equal

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11
Q

Probability describes the likelihood of an event occurring between the numbers…

A

0 and 1

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12
Q

Many phenomena in the natural world shows…

A

Random behavior

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13
Q

Natural Random Processes are also known as…

A

Brownian motion

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14
Q

Probability density

A

Probability per unit distance along the x-axis of a histogram

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15
Q

The total probability of a PDF must be…

A

1

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16
Q

How to convert a histogram to a PDF

A

Divide the frequency of points by (the total number of points times the bin width)

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17
Q

The difference between a PDF and a histogram

A

The y-axis

PDF measures probability density while histogram measures frequency

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18
Q

The 3 ways the atmosphere and ocean are heated

A

Electromagnetic radiation, convection, and conduction

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19
Q

Layers of the atmosphere (top to bottom)

A 
Thermosphere
(mesopause)
Mesosphere
(stratopause)
Stratosphere
(tropopause)
Troposphere
20
Q

Geostrophic wind

A

When the Coriolous Force and Pressure Gradient Force are equal and opposite

21
Q

How can data be represented?

A

A time series
A histogram
A probability density function
A cumulative probability distribution function

22
Q

The extreme events of data are found here on a PDF

A

The tails

23
Q

What is the thermosphere heated by?

A

Absorption of high energy solar radiation

24
Q

What is the stratosphere heated by?

A

UV radiation absorption by stratospheric ozone

25
Q

What is the troposphere heated by?

A

From below by emission of infrared radiation emitted by the earth surface

26
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat from molecule to molecule as a result of molecular collisions

27
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat by mass movement of fluid

28
Q

Radiative Equilibrium

A

Net radiation absorbed = Net radiation emitted

29
Q

Pressure Gradient Force

A

A force associated with changes from high to low pressure

30
Q

Wind moves in what direction in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

Right of the Coriolis Force

31
Q

Wind moves in what direction in the Southern Hemisphere?

A

Left of the Coriolis Force

32
Q

Random Numbers are…

A

Inherently unpredictable and described by a probability density function

33
Q

Time series

A

Evaluating patterns over time

34
Q

The standard deviation is the square root of…

A

Variance

35
Q

A normal distribution is determined by…

A

The mean and standard deviation

36
Q

The primary greenhouse gases (hint: there are 7)

A

Water vapor, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone, Freon-11, Freon-12

37
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

Absorption of infrared radiation by greenhouse gases found in atmosphere

38
Q

Three cell structure of atmosphere

A

Hadley cells, Ferrel cells, and polar cells

39
Q

Hadley cells are found in…

A

The tropics and subtropics

40
Q

Ferrel cells are found…

A

Between subtropical and the subpolar latitudes

41
Q

Polar cells are found…

A

Poleward of subpolar latitudes

42
Q

Coriolis Force

A

A consequence of observing the motion of the atmosphere on the rotating earth

43
Q

The strength of winds is proportional to…

A

The isobars

44
Q

Closely spaced isobars result in…

A

Strong winds

45
Q

Widely spaced isobars result in…

A

Weak winds

OCEA 90 (5 decks)

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