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Psychiatric > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing
Described first theoretical framework for psych nursing
Specific skills, activities, and roles of psych nurses
Defined nursing as a “significant, therapeutic process”

A

Hildegard Peplau

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2
Q

assumed by both nurse and patient when they first meet

A

stranger

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3
Q

provides health information to patient who is consumer

A

resource

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4
Q

helps patient grow & learn from experience w/ health care

A

teacher

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5
Q

helps patient participate in democratically implemented process

A

leader

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6
Q

assumes roles that have been assigned by patient

A

surrogate

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7
Q

helps patient integrate facts and feelings associated with episode of illness into the patient’s total life experience

A

Counselor

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8
Q

Considered 1st American psychiatric nurse
Stated that both physical and emotional needs of patients are important
Developed better nursing care in psychiatric hospitals
“It stands to reason that the mentally sick should be at least as well cared for as the physically sick”

A

Linda richards

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9
Q

patients lived in asylums
Patients needed to be separated from families & stresses of society
No say in treatment plan

A

Custodial care

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10
Q

patient should be active participant in care
Involved in daily problems, issues, planning activities
Goal: help patient improve outcomes (self-esteem, self-respect)

A

therapeutic milieu

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11
Q

Explore own strengths, limitations, thoughts, feelings

Gather data about patient & plan for first interaction

A

Pre interaction phase

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12
Q

Determine goals and when/where to meet
Discuss confidentiality
Create climate of trust, understanding, communications
Explore their thoughts, feelings, help identify problems
Define mutual goals

A

Introductory/ orientation phase

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13
Q

Nitty gritty of helping change patient’s behavior
Explore stressors, positive coping mechanisms
May put up resistance as they work towards change

A

Working phase

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14
Q

Review progress

Explore feelings of loss, anger, rejection

A

termination phase

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15
Q

patient subconsciously transfers feelings toward someone to the nurse
Can be negative or positive

A

Transference

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16
Q

nurse react to the patient
Based on nurse’s unconscious needs/problems
Significantly interferes with nurse-patient relationship

A

Countertransference

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17
Q

being an open person who is self-congruent, authentic, and transparent. Being yourself while still adhering to boundaries.

A

Genuineness

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18
Q

viewing patient’s world from patient’s frame of reference with sensitivity to their current feelings

A

Empathic understanding

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19
Q

occurs when current interaction of nurse & patient is focused on for the purpose of learning about the patient’s functioning in other interpersonal relationships

A

Immediacy

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20
Q

Brain develops and changes in utero and throughout life span

A

Neural plasticity

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21
Q

During adolescence, the efficiency of brain is refined by eliminating unneeded circuits and strengthening others. Allows human to have a brain that accommodates both its genetic potential and the environmental influences surrounding it

A

Synaptic pruning

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22
Q

Process by which neurons communicate with each other through electrical impulses and chemical messengers

A

Neurotransmission

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23
Q

chemical messengers

A

neurotransmitters

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24
Q

presynaptic cell

A

Axon

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25
Q

postsynaptic cell

A

Dendrite

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26
Q

space between neurons

A

Synapse

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27
Q

neurotransmitters fit precisely into a specific receptor cells embedded in the membranes of axons and dendrites. The receptor cells then either open or close ion channels into the cell, allowing for interchange of chemicals

A

Ion channels

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28
Q

changes the electrical charge of the cell

A

Depolarization

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29
Q

critical in decision-making and higher-order thinking (abstract reasoning)

A

Cerebral cortex

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30
Q

involved in regulating emotional behavior, memory, and learning

A

Limbic system

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31
Q

coordinate involuntary movements and muscle tone

A

Basal ganglia

32
Q

regulates pituitary hormones; temperature; and desires such as hunger, thirst, and sex drive

A

Hypothalamus

33
Q

makes norepinephrine (involved in response to stress)

A

Locus ceruleus

34
Q

make serotonin (regulation of sleep, behavior, and mood)

A

Raphe nuclei

35
Q

makes dopamine (complex movements, thinking, and emotions)

A

Substantia nigra

36
Q

interventions that not only cause desired changes but also unwanted changes

A

specificity

37
Q

network of internal clocks that coordinate events in body according to 24-hour cycle

A

Circadian rhythm

38
Q

produces series of radiographs → 3D image of brain

Looks for organic disorders (tumors)

A

CT

39
Q

detects energy from brain to make image

Looks for structural abnormalities

A

MRI

40
Q

radiographic compound put in circulation, travels to brain. Shows physiologic function of brain (glucose metabolism, blood flow, neurotransmitter activity).

A

PET

41
Q

similar to PET
Measures physiological processes too
Costs less, more widely available
Measures blood flow in brain based on distribution of radio tracer
Used to monitor effects of meds on brain function

A

SPECT

42
Q

regulates awareness, attention, memory

A

Norepinephrine

43
Q

pleasurable feelings, complex motor activities

A

Dopamine

44
Q

fluctuates with sleep and wakefulness. Mood, delusions, hallucinations, pain control

A

Serotonin

45
Q

regulates sleep-wake cycle, secreted in the dark

A

Melatonin

46
Q

mediates cognitive functioning directly or by modulating another neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

47
Q

responsible for information flow (excitatory)

A

Glutamate

48
Q

contributes to control of seizures, agitation, anxiety

A

GABA

49
Q

pain transmission and mood regulation

A

Substance P

50
Q

pervasive and sustained emotion that color’s their perception of the world
What people TELL you they feel. Normal = euthymic.

A

Mood

51
Q

present emotional responsiveness, may or may not be congruent with mood
What you SEE people feel as a HCP

A

Affect

52
Q

false sensory perception occurring in absence of any relevant stimuli

A

Hallucinations

53
Q

perceptual misinterpretation of a real external stimulus

A

Illusion

54
Q

Lowering incidence of mental disorders within population; intervening before mental illness strikes. Example: teaching physical/psychosocial effects of alcohol to elementary students.

A

Primary prevention

55
Q

Decreasing prevalence of mental disorders by ↓ number of existing cases
Early detection, screening, and prompt/effective treatment
Example: Staffing suicide hotlines, working for abused women shelters

A

Secondary Prevention

56
Q

Attempts to reduce severity of a mental disorder through rehab activities
Interventions after illness development
Teaching clients daily living skills, food services, job liaison specialists, etc

A

Tertiary prevention

57
Q

short term therapy focused on solving immediate problem

Goal: individual will return to a pre-crisis level of functioning

A

Crisi intervention

58
Q

can be expected to occur
Developmental events precipitated by normal stress created by social/psycho changes associated with transitions. Example: adolescence, parenthood, retirement.

A

Maturational

59
Q

unexpected in response to external event

Example: tornado, fire, terrorist attack, disease onset, job loss.

A

Situational

60
Q

False belief that is firmly maintained even though it is not shared by others and is contradicted by social reality

A

Delusion

61
Q

belief that ones thoughts are being aired to the outside world

A

thought broadcasting

62
Q

belief that thoughts are being placed into ones mind by outside people or influences

A

though insertion

63
Q

the feeling of having lost self-identity and that things around the person are different, strange, and unreal

A

depersonalization

64
Q

Somatic over concern with and morbid attention to details of body functioning

A

hypochondriasis

65
Q

incorrect interpretation of causal incidents and external events as having direct personal references

A

ideas of reference

66
Q

belief that thinking equates with doing, characterized by lack of realistic relationship between cause and effect

A

magical thinking

67
Q

thoughts of nonexistence and hopelessness

A

nihilistic ideas

68
Q

an idea, emotion impulse that repetitively and instantly forces itself into consciousness, although it is unwelcome

A

obsession

69
Q

a morbid fear associated with extreme anxiety

A

phobia

70
Q

thought and speed associated with excessive and unnecessary detail that is usually relevant to a question and an answer is eventually provided

A

circumstantial

71
Q

overprotective speech characterized by rapid shifting from one topic to another and fragmenting ideas

A

flight of ideas

72
Q

lack of logical relationship between thoughts and ideas that renders speech and thought inexact, vague, diffuse, and unfocused

A

loose associations

73
Q

new word or words created by the patent, often a blend of other words

A

neologism

74
Q

involuntary, excessive continuation or repetition of a single response, idea, or activity, may apply to speech movement, but most often verbal

A

preservation

75
Q

similar to circumstantial but the person never returns to the central point and never answers the original question

A

tangential

76
Q

sudden halt in the strain of thought or in the middle of a sentence

A

thought blocking

77
Q

series of words that seem totally unrelated

A

word salad

Psychiatric (5 decks)

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