Module 1

Question 1

Published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing
Described first theoretical framework for psych nursing
Specific skills, activities, and roles of psych nurses
Defined nursing as a “significant, therapeutic process”

Answer 1

Hildegard Peplau

Question 2

assumed by both nurse and patient when they first meet

Answer 2

stranger

Question 3

provides health information to patient who is consumer

Answer 3

resource

Question 4

helps patient grow & learn from experience w/ health care

Answer 4

teacher

Question 5

helps patient participate in democratically implemented process

Answer 5

leader

Question 6

assumes roles that have been assigned by patient

Answer 6

surrogate

Question 7

helps patient integrate facts and feelings associated with episode of illness into the patient’s total life experience

Answer 7

Counselor

Question 8

Considered 1st American psychiatric nurse
Stated that both physical and emotional needs of patients are important
Developed better nursing care in psychiatric hospitals
“It stands to reason that the mentally sick should be at least as well cared for as the physically sick”

Answer 8

Linda richards

Question 9

patients lived in asylums
Patients needed to be separated from families & stresses of society
No say in treatment plan

Answer 9

Custodial care

Question 10

patient should be active participant in care
Involved in daily problems, issues, planning activities
Goal: help patient improve outcomes (self-esteem, self-respect)

Answer 10

therapeutic milieu

Question 11

Explore own strengths, limitations, thoughts, feelings

Gather data about patient & plan for first interaction

Answer 11

Pre interaction phase

Question 12

Determine goals and when/where to meet
Discuss confidentiality
Create climate of trust, understanding, communications
Explore their thoughts, feelings, help identify problems
Define mutual goals

Answer 12

Introductory/ orientation phase

Question 13

Nitty gritty of helping change patient’s behavior
Explore stressors, positive coping mechanisms
May put up resistance as they work towards change

Answer 13

Working phase

Question 14

Review progress

Explore feelings of loss, anger, rejection

Answer 14

termination phase

Question 15

patient subconsciously transfers feelings toward someone to the nurse
Can be negative or positive

Answer 15

Transference

Question 16

nurse react to the patient
Based on nurse’s unconscious needs/problems
Significantly interferes with nurse-patient relationship

Answer 16

Countertransference

Question 17

being an open person who is self-congruent, authentic, and transparent. Being yourself while still adhering to boundaries.

Answer 17

Genuineness

Question 18

viewing patient’s world from patient’s frame of reference with sensitivity to their current feelings

Answer 18

Empathic understanding

Question 19

occurs when current interaction of nurse & patient is focused on for the purpose of learning about the patient’s functioning in other interpersonal relationships

Answer 19

Immediacy

Question 20

Brain develops and changes in utero and throughout life span

Answer 20

Neural plasticity

Question 21

During adolescence, the efficiency of brain is refined by eliminating unneeded circuits and strengthening others. Allows human to have a brain that accommodates both its genetic potential and the environmental influences surrounding it

Answer 21

Synaptic pruning

Question 22

Process by which neurons communicate with each other through electrical impulses and chemical messengers

Answer 22

Neurotransmission

Question 23

chemical messengers

Answer 23

neurotransmitters

Question 24

presynaptic cell

Answer 24

Axon

Question 25

postsynaptic cell

Answer 25

Dendrite

Question 26

space between neurons

Answer 26

Synapse

Question 27

neurotransmitters fit precisely into a specific receptor cells embedded in the membranes of axons and dendrites. The receptor cells then either open or close ion channels into the cell, allowing for interchange of chemicals

Answer 27

Ion channels

Question 28

changes the electrical charge of the cell

Answer 28

Depolarization

Question 29

critical in decision-making and higher-order thinking (abstract reasoning)

Answer 29

Cerebral cortex

Question 30

involved in regulating emotional behavior, memory, and learning

Answer 30

Limbic system

Question 31

coordinate involuntary movements and muscle tone

Answer 31

Basal ganglia

Question 32

regulates pituitary hormones; temperature; and desires such as hunger, thirst, and sex drive

Answer 32

Hypothalamus

Question 33

makes norepinephrine (involved in response to stress)

Answer 33

Locus ceruleus

Question 34

make serotonin (regulation of sleep, behavior, and mood)

Answer 34

Raphe nuclei

Question 35

makes dopamine (complex movements, thinking, and emotions)

Answer 35

Substantia nigra

Question 36

interventions that not only cause desired changes but also unwanted changes

Answer 36

specificity

Question 37

network of internal clocks that coordinate events in body according to 24-hour cycle

Answer 37

Circadian rhythm

Question 38

produces series of radiographs → 3D image of brain | Looks for organic disorders (tumors)

Answer 38

CT

Question 39

detects energy from brain to make image | Looks for structural abnormalities

Answer 39

MRI

Question 40

radiographic compound put in circulation, travels to brain. Shows physiologic function of brain (glucose metabolism, blood flow, neurotransmitter activity).

Answer 40

PET

Question 41

similar to PET Measures physiological processes too Costs less, more widely available Measures blood flow in brain based on distribution of radio tracer Used to monitor effects of meds on brain function

Answer 41

SPECT

Question 42

regulates awareness, attention, memory

Answer 42

Norepinephrine

Question 43

pleasurable feelings, complex motor activities

Answer 43

Dopamine

Question 44

fluctuates with sleep and wakefulness. Mood, delusions, hallucinations, pain control

Answer 44

Serotonin

Question 45

regulates sleep-wake cycle, secreted in the dark

Answer 45

Melatonin

Question 46

mediates cognitive functioning directly or by modulating another neurotransmitter

Answer 46

Acetylcholine

Question 47

responsible for information flow (excitatory)

Answer 47

Glutamate

Question 48

contributes to control of seizures, agitation, anxiety

Answer 48

GABA

Question 49

pain transmission and mood regulation

Answer 49

Substance P

Question 50

pervasive and sustained emotion that color’s their perception of the world What people TELL you they feel. Normal = euthymic.

Answer 50

Mood

Question 51

present emotional responsiveness, may or may not be congruent with mood What you SEE people feel as a HCP

Answer 51

Affect

Question 52

false sensory perception occurring in absence of any relevant stimuli

Answer 52

Hallucinations

Question 53

perceptual misinterpretation of a real external stimulus

Answer 53

Illusion

Question 54

Lowering incidence of mental disorders within population; intervening before mental illness strikes. Example: teaching physical/psychosocial effects of alcohol to elementary students.

Answer 54

Primary prevention

Question 55

Decreasing prevalence of mental disorders by ↓ number of existing cases Early detection, screening, and prompt/effective treatment Example: Staffing suicide hotlines, working for abused women shelters

Answer 55

Secondary Prevention

Question 56

Attempts to reduce severity of a mental disorder through rehab activities Interventions after illness development Teaching clients daily living skills, food services, job liaison specialists, etc

Answer 56

Tertiary prevention

Question 57

short term therapy focused on solving immediate problem | Goal: individual will return to a pre-crisis level of functioning

Answer 57

Crisi intervention

Question 58

can be expected to occur Developmental events precipitated by normal stress created by social/psycho changes associated with transitions. Example: adolescence, parenthood, retirement.

Answer 58

Maturational

Question 59

unexpected in response to external event | Example: tornado, fire, terrorist attack, disease onset, job loss.

Answer 59

Situational

Question 60

False belief that is firmly maintained even though it is not shared by others and is contradicted by social reality

Answer 60

Delusion

Question 61

belief that ones thoughts are being aired to the outside world

Answer 61

thought broadcasting

Question 62

belief that thoughts are being placed into ones mind by outside people or influences

Answer 62

though insertion

Question 63

the feeling of having lost self-identity and that things around the person are different, strange, and unreal

Answer 63

depersonalization

Question 64

Somatic over concern with and morbid attention to details of body functioning

Answer 64

hypochondriasis

Question 65

incorrect interpretation of causal incidents and external events as having direct personal references

Answer 65

ideas of reference

Question 66

belief that thinking equates with doing, characterized by lack of realistic relationship between cause and effect

Answer 66

magical thinking

Question 67

thoughts of nonexistence and hopelessness

Answer 67

nihilistic ideas

Question 68

an idea, emotion impulse that repetitively and instantly forces itself into consciousness, although it is unwelcome

Answer 68

obsession

Question 69

a morbid fear associated with extreme anxiety

Answer 69

phobia

Question 70

thought and speed associated with excessive and unnecessary detail that is usually relevant to a question and an answer is eventually provided

Answer 70

circumstantial

Question 71

overprotective speech characterized by rapid shifting from one topic to another and fragmenting ideas

Answer 71

flight of ideas

Question 72

lack of logical relationship between thoughts and ideas that renders speech and thought inexact, vague, diffuse, and unfocused

Answer 72

loose associations

Question 73

new word or words created by the patent, often a blend of other words

Answer 73

neologism

Question 74

involuntary, excessive continuation or repetition of a single response, idea, or activity, may apply to speech movement, but most often verbal

Answer 74

preservation

Question 75

similar to circumstantial but the person never returns to the central point and never answers the original question

Answer 75

tangential

Question 76

sudden halt in the strain of thought or in the middle of a sentence

Answer 76

thought blocking

Question 77

series of words that seem totally unrelated

Answer 77

word salad