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Interpersonal Skills Sem 1 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is kinesics?

A

Body posture and gestures

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2
Q

what are emblems?

A

A type of NV communication.
Gestures that translate into words
eg. Thumbs up - OK

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3
Q

What are illustrators?

A

A type of NV communication.
Accompany our words
eg. patting back there there

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4
Q

What are regulators?

A

A type of NV communication.

Monitor and control the conversation (putting hand up for someone to stop speaking)

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5
Q

What are adaptors?

A 
A type of NV communication.
signify a personal need
eg. 
Self-adaptor
alter-adaptor
Object adaptor
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6
Q

What is appearance?

A

A type of NV communication.
Your clothes, presentation etc
eg. cultural dress, fashion

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7
Q

What is body orientation?

A

A type of NV communication.

Your posture in relation to another

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8
Q

What is paralanguage?

A

Changes and affects to the voice that alter the meaning of your message.
Pitch, volume, rate, quality, intoonation, vocal interferences

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9
Q

What is haptics?

A

Touch

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10
Q

What are some of the types of touch/haptics?

A

Ritualised touch - handshake, kiss
Task-related touch – to perform a function (GP)
Power messages - bf arm over shoulder of gf

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11
Q

What are proxemics and what are the types?

A 
Proxemics - acceptable distances from people
Intimate = 0-50cm
Personal: 50cm-1.2m
Social - 1.2-3.5m
Publi: 3.5m +
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12
Q

What is expectancy violation theory?

A

We have expectations for proxemity and a need to explain if these are violated

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13
Q

What are territorial markers?

A

Symbols of our ownership over public space

eg. jacket on a chair

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14
Q

What are immediacy behaviours?

A

Indicate liking (increased/direct gaze, close distance, open posture, touch)

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15
Q

What are chronemics?

A

Perceptions of time
Monochronemic - on time, meeting starts at 9am etc (individualistic cultures)
Polychronemic - socialising first, no set time schedules etc (collectivist cultures)

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16
Q

Women generally show more…

A

immediacy behaviours

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17
Q

What are some of the factors that can prevent effective listening?

A 
Emotions
Own needs/agenda
Selective listening
Context and noise
Lack of skills
Lack of interest/motivation
Preoccupation
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18
Q

People show particular orientations toward listening. These can include:

A
  1. People oriented - seek connection, comfortable with feelings, high empathy etc
  2. Content oriented - facts and detail oriented
  3. Action oriented - structure, concise, don’t like long stories etc
  4. Time oriented - succinct, get it over with.
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19
Q

What is the listening process (5 parts)

A 
Selecting (what to attend to)
Attending (directing attention)
Understanding (decoding, attaching meaning)
Remembering (what has been sent)
Responding (confirming understanding)
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20
Q

What is protection theory

A

The buffer zone you set to maintain your safety, which changes according to the environment that you are in.

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21
Q

What is paraphrasing?

A

Putting your understanding into words so the other person feels heard

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22
Q

What is the difference between reflecting feeling and content?

A

feeling: eg. it sounds like you are really frustrated
content: Joe keeps ignoring you and it seems to be getting worse.
Can be combined:
You’re really frustrated because Joe is ignoring you, is that right?

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23
Q

Counseling dialogue is very different to…

A

social dialogue

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24
Q

What is perception?

A

the process by which we attend to info and assign meaning to it

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25
Q

What are the 3 stages of perception?

A
  1. Selection – using perceptual filters to screen out unimportant info
  2. Organisation - of info into understandable patterns
  3. Interpretation - assigning meaning
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26
Q

How we perceive ourselves and other people is called…

A

social perception

27
Q

We quickly form impressions of people that are lasting. This is called…

A

Impression Formation Theory

28
Q

Humans go to great lengths to avoid uncertainty about others. We try to reduce it by predicting other people’s behaviour. This is called…

A

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

29
Q

What is implicit Personality Theory?

A

Assumptions about physical characteristics, personality, behaviour etc (eg. friendly = honest)

30
Q

What is the halo effect?

A

Perceiving a whole set of personality characteristics based on only 1
(can be positive or negative)
eg. friendly = smart
someone interrupting you = rude, selfish

31
Q

What types of attributions can influence social perception?

A 
Dispositional attributions (internal)
Situational attributions (external)
32
Q

What is Fundamental Attribution Error?

A

We are more likely to blame dispositional causes when things go wrong than situational

33
Q

What is a self-serving bias?

A

Taking credit for positive, deny responsibility for negative

34
Q

A person who is overly critical and judgmental when listening to others is an…

A

ambush listener

35
Q

The fear of misunderstanding, misinterpreting or being unable to adjust to the spoken messages of others is called…

A

listener apprehension

36
Q

What sort of disconfirming response?

When a person fails to acknowledge you, leading to embarrassment or awkwardness

A

Impervious response

37
Q

What sort of disconfirming response?

Interrupting, therefore implying that what you have to say is more important

A

interrupting response

38
Q

What sort of disconfirming response?

Has nothing to do with what you were saying

A

irrelevant response

39
Q

What sort of disconfirming response?

Acknowledges you, but is minimally related to what you were saying

A

tangential response

40
Q

What sort of disconfirming response?

Intellectualises and distances you from them

A

Impersonal response

41
Q

What sort of disconfirming response?

Mumbling, rambling, unintelligible response

A

Incoherent response

42
Q

What sort of disconfirming response?

verbal message is incongruent with nonverbal behaviour

A

Incongruous response

43
Q

the tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, values and beliefs is…

A

selective exposure

44
Q

What is thin slicing?

A

Taking a small sample of someone’s behaviour and making generalisations about the person based on that sample alone

45
Q

What is the horn effect?

A

Attributing a variety of negative qualities to someone you dislike

46
Q

Describe 2nd person skills

A

Stepping into the shoes of the other person and experiencing the situation as if you were them
Attending
Following
Reflecting feelings and content

47
Q

List some of the receiver’s blocks to listening

A

Comparing - yourself to them/their lives
Mind Reading - guessing
Rehearsing - what you are about to say
Filtering - listening to some things but not others
Judging - prejudging etc
Dreaming - half listening
Identifying - taking everything personally
Advising - inappropriate advice
Sparring - picking fights, taking offence
Being Right - anything not to be wrong
Derailing - changing the subject
Placating - being ‘nice’ at all costs, to be liked

48
Q

What is following behaviour?

Name some following behaviours.

A

Taking the 2nd position and encouraging the speaker
* Door openers - eg. describing body language and inviting to talk
* Infrequent & open Q’s
* Minimal encouragers - mmhm, oh?, nods, raised eyebrows
Empathetic/attentive silence

49
Q

What are some problems associated with questions?

A

Grilling
Multiple questions
Why questions
Sequencing of questions

50
Q

What patterns do male and female questioning follow?

A

Males - more closed

Females - more open

51
Q

How oes the primacy effect affect our opinions of others?

A

The impression we first form of people is the most powerful and lasting.

52
Q

Developing an awareness of appropriate self-disclosure is important when…

A

You are in the 1st perceptual position (which is concerned with sending and deciding what to send or not to send)

53
Q

Can paralanguage be changed?

A

yes

54
Q

Raising a hand to speak in class is an example of a…

A

regulator

55
Q

We use these as substitutes for words…

A

Emblems

56
Q

If you fail to assert your rights, you are practicing…

A

submissiveness

57
Q

This can be positive or negative and may focus on the message or the speaker It does NOT have to be immeiate.

A

feedback

58
Q

What is the maxim of relation?

A

staying on topic with what is relevant to the conversation.

59
Q

self-disclosure is

A

a developing process

60
Q

Seeing how listening barriers have effected your communication with your spouse means you are at which stage of the listening process?

A

Understanding

61
Q

A listener most likely to search for common areas of interest with the speaker is a…

A

content-oriented listener

62
Q

An employer who is interviewing candidates for a job notices that someone’s shoes are not polished. He decides they will be no good for the job. This is an example of…

A

impression formation

63
Q

Which process of perceptual organization is used when we try to determine whether a person’s actions are caused by circumstance, a stimulus or the person’s behaviour?

A

Causal attribution theory.

Interpersonal Skills Sem 1 (4 decks)

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