Module 1

Question 1

What is kinesics?

Answer 1

Body posture and gestures

Question 2

what are emblems?

Answer 2

A type of NV communication.
Gestures that translate into words
eg. Thumbs up - OK

Question 3

What are illustrators?

Answer 3

A type of NV communication.
Accompany our words
eg. patting back there there

Question 4

What are regulators?

Answer 4

A type of NV communication.

Monitor and control the conversation (putting hand up for someone to stop speaking)

Question 5

What are adaptors?

Answer 5

A type of NV communication.
signify a personal need
eg. 
Self-adaptor
alter-adaptor
Object adaptor

Question 6

What is appearance?

Answer 6

A type of NV communication.
Your clothes, presentation etc
eg. cultural dress, fashion

Question 7

What is body orientation?

Answer 7

A type of NV communication.

Your posture in relation to another

Question 8

What is paralanguage?

Answer 8

Changes and affects to the voice that alter the meaning of your message.
Pitch, volume, rate, quality, intoonation, vocal interferences

Question 9

What is haptics?

Answer 9

Touch

Question 10

What are some of the types of touch/haptics?

Answer 10

Ritualised touch - handshake, kiss
Task-related touch – to perform a function (GP)
Power messages - bf arm over shoulder of gf

Question 11

What are proxemics and what are the types?

Answer 11

Proxemics - acceptable distances from people
Intimate = 0-50cm
Personal: 50cm-1.2m
Social - 1.2-3.5m
Publi: 3.5m +

Question 12

What is expectancy violation theory?

Answer 12

We have expectations for proxemity and a need to explain if these are violated

Question 13

What are territorial markers?

Answer 13

Symbols of our ownership over public space

eg. jacket on a chair

Question 14

What are immediacy behaviours?

Answer 14

Indicate liking (increased/direct gaze, close distance, open posture, touch)

Question 15

What are chronemics?

Answer 15

Perceptions of time
Monochronemic - on time, meeting starts at 9am etc (individualistic cultures)
Polychronemic - socialising first, no set time schedules etc (collectivist cultures)

Question 16

Women generally show more…

Answer 16

immediacy behaviours

Question 17

What are some of the factors that can prevent effective listening?

Answer 17

Emotions
Own needs/agenda
Selective listening
Context and noise
Lack of skills
Lack of interest/motivation
Preoccupation

Question 18

People show particular orientations toward listening. These can include:

Answer 18

1. People oriented - seek connection, comfortable with feelings, high empathy etc
2. Content oriented - facts and detail oriented
3. Action oriented - structure, concise, don’t like long stories etc
4. Time oriented - succinct, get it over with.

Question 19

What is the listening process (5 parts)

Answer 19

Selecting (what to attend to)
Attending (directing attention)
Understanding (decoding, attaching meaning)
Remembering (what has been sent)
Responding (confirming understanding)

Question 20

What is protection theory

Answer 20

The buffer zone you set to maintain your safety, which changes according to the environment that you are in.

Question 21

What is paraphrasing?

Answer 21

Putting your understanding into words so the other person feels heard

Question 22

What is the difference between reflecting feeling and content?

Answer 22

feeling: eg. it sounds like you are really frustrated
content: Joe keeps ignoring you and it seems to be getting worse.
Can be combined:
You’re really frustrated because Joe is ignoring you, is that right?

Question 23

Counseling dialogue is very different to…

Answer 23

social dialogue

Question 24

What is perception?

Answer 24

the process by which we attend to info and assign meaning to it

Question 25

What are the 3 stages of perception?

Answer 25

1. Selection -- using perceptual filters to screen out unimportant info 2. Organisation - of info into understandable patterns 3. Interpretation - assigning meaning

Question 26

How we perceive ourselves and other people is called...

Answer 26

social perception

Question 27

We quickly form impressions of people that are lasting. This is called...

Answer 27

Impression Formation Theory

Question 28

Humans go to great lengths to avoid uncertainty about others. We try to reduce it by predicting other people's behaviour. This is called...

Answer 28

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Question 29

What is implicit Personality Theory?

Answer 29

Assumptions about physical characteristics, personality, behaviour etc (eg. friendly = honest)

Question 30

What is the halo effect?

Answer 30

Perceiving a whole set of personality characteristics based on only 1 (can be positive or negative) eg. friendly = smart someone interrupting you = rude, selfish

Question 31

What types of attributions can influence social perception?

Answer 31

``` Dispositional attributions (internal) Situational attributions (external) ```

Question 32

What is Fundamental Attribution Error?

Answer 32

We are more likely to blame dispositional causes when things go wrong than situational

Question 33

What is a self-serving bias?

Answer 33

Taking credit for positive, deny responsibility for negative

Question 34

A person who is overly critical and judgmental when listening to others is an...

Answer 34

ambush listener

Question 35

The fear of misunderstanding, misinterpreting or being unable to adjust to the spoken messages of others is called...

Answer 35

listener apprehension

Question 36

What sort of disconfirming response? | When a person fails to acknowledge you, leading to embarrassment or awkwardness

Answer 36

Impervious response

Question 37

What sort of disconfirming response? | Interrupting, therefore implying that what you have to say is more important

Answer 37

interrupting response

Question 38

What sort of disconfirming response? | Has nothing to do with what you were saying

Answer 38

irrelevant response

Question 39

What sort of disconfirming response? | Acknowledges you, but is minimally related to what you were saying

Answer 39

tangential response

Question 40

What sort of disconfirming response? | Intellectualises and distances you from them

Answer 40

Impersonal response

Question 41

What sort of disconfirming response? | Mumbling, rambling, unintelligible response

Answer 41

Incoherent response

Question 42

What sort of disconfirming response? | verbal message is incongruent with nonverbal behaviour

Answer 42

Incongruous response

Question 43

the tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, values and beliefs is...

Answer 43

selective exposure

Question 44

What is thin slicing?

Answer 44

Taking a small sample of someone's behaviour and making generalisations about the person based on that sample alone

Question 45

What is the horn effect?

Answer 45

Attributing a variety of negative qualities to someone you dislike

Question 46

Describe 2nd person skills

Answer 46

Stepping into the shoes of the other person and experiencing the situation as if you were them Attending Following Reflecting feelings and content

Question 47

List some of the receiver's blocks to listening

Answer 47

Comparing - yourself to them/their lives Mind Reading - guessing Rehearsing - what you are about to say Filtering - listening to some things but not others Judging - prejudging etc Dreaming - half listening Identifying - taking everything personally Advising - inappropriate advice Sparring - picking fights, taking offence Being Right - anything not to be wrong Derailing - changing the subject Placating - being 'nice' at all costs, to be liked

Question 48

What is following behaviour? | Name some following behaviours.

Answer 48

Taking the 2nd position and encouraging the speaker * Door openers - eg. describing body language and inviting to talk * Infrequent & open Q's * Minimal encouragers - mmhm, oh?, nods, raised eyebrows Empathetic/attentive silence

Question 49

What are some problems associated with questions?

Answer 49

Grilling Multiple questions Why questions Sequencing of questions

Question 50

What patterns do male and female questioning follow?

Answer 50

Males - more closed | Females - more open

Question 51

How oes the primacy effect affect our opinions of others?

Answer 51

The impression we first form of people is the most powerful and lasting.

Question 52

Developing an awareness of appropriate self-disclosure is important when...

Answer 52

You are in the 1st perceptual position (which is concerned with sending and deciding what to send or not to send)

Question 53

Can paralanguage be changed?

Answer 53

yes

Question 54

Raising a hand to speak in class is an example of a...

Answer 54

regulator

Question 55

We use these as substitutes for words...

Answer 55

Emblems

Question 56

If you fail to assert your rights, you are practicing...

Answer 56

submissiveness

Question 57

This can be positive or negative and may focus on the message or the speaker It does NOT have to be immeiate.

Answer 57

feedback

Question 58

What is the maxim of relation?

Answer 58

staying on topic with what is relevant to the conversation.

Question 59

self-disclosure is

Answer 59

a developing process

Question 60

Seeing how listening barriers have effected your communication with your spouse means you are at which stage of the listening process?

Answer 60

Understanding

Question 61

A listener most likely to search for common areas of interest with the speaker is a...

Answer 61

content-oriented listener

Question 62

An employer who is interviewing candidates for a job notices that someone's shoes are not polished. He decides they will be no good for the job. This is an example of...

Answer 62

impression formation

Question 63

Which process of perceptual organization is used when we try to determine whether a person's actions are caused by circumstance, a stimulus or the person's behaviour?

Answer 63

Causal attribution theory.