Module 1-3 Unit 3

Question 1

Organic Compounds

New definition

Answer 1

Carbon based compounds with C-C bonds , C-H bonds and sometimes other bonds

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Compounds consisting of just hydrogen and carbon

Question 3

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons with NO benzene ring

Question 4

Alkanes

Answer 4

Aliphatic hydrocarbons with single covalent bonds (saturated)

CnH2n+2

Question 5

Saturation

Answer 5

The most amount of bonds with hydrogen you can have

Question 6

Homologous series

Answer 6

any set of molocules that differ by one specific unit

Question 7

Empirical molecular formula example

Answer 7

C5H12

Question 8

Expanded molecular formula example

Answer 8

CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3

Question 9

Structural and condensed structual formula

Answer 9

Structural: Fully expanded compound with all bonds drawn
Condensed: CH written together with bonds between structural units

Question 10

Line diagram

Answer 10

Zigzaged lines with the points representing carbons

Question 11

Suffix

Answer 11

Category the molucule belongs to

Question 12

Root

Answer 12

Number of carbon atoms in the parent chain

Question 13

Root prefixs 1-10

Answer 13

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

Question 14

Prefix

Answer 14

the positions and names of branches (alkyl groups)

Question 15

Physical properties of alkanes

4 traits

Answer 15

• Nonpolar
• Insoluble in water
• Only LDF at work
• Boiling point lower than Alkynes but higher than Alkenes

Question 16

Alkenes

Answer 16

Aliphatic hydrocarbons with at least one double bond (Unsaturated)

CnH2n

Question 17

Physical Properties of Alkenes

4 traits

Answer 17

• Nonpolar
• insoluble in water
• Only LDF at work
• Boiling points slightly lower than Alkanes

Question 18

Alkynes

Answer 18

Aliphatic hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond (unsaturated)

CnH2n-2

Question 19

Alkynes physical properties

4 traits

Answer 19

• Nonpolar
• Insoluble in water
• Only LDF at play
• Higher boiling points than alkanes

Question 20

Cylic Hydrocarbons

Answer 20

Aliphatic hydrocarbons that form rings (No benzene ring)

can be alkanes alkenes or alkynes

Question 21

Cylic hydrocarbons physical properties

Answer 21

Nonpolar, similar to straight chain hydrocarbons

Question 22

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Answer 22

Hydrocarbons with a benzene ring

Question 23

Benzene ring

Answer 23

a Six-carbon ring with one hydorgen atom bonded to each carbon

Question 24

Physical properties of aromatics

3 traits

Answer 24

• Liquid at standard temperature
• More carbons = higher boiling point
• Strong aromas

Question 25

Functional group

Answer 25

special arrangment of atoms that define the properties of an atom

Question 26

Hydrocarbons derivatives

Answer 26

similar to hydrocarbons, but include other atoms other than carbon and hydrogen (alcohol, alkyl halides, carbolic acids and esters)

Question 27

Alcohol

Answer 27

a hydrocarbon derivitive that contains an -OH (hydroxyl)

Question 28

Alcohol physical properties | 4 traits

Answer 28

- Small molecules Polar, large are not - Small molecules soluble in water, large are not - Higher bp than alkanes - Toxic

Question 29

Naming Alcohols | Root, sufix, prefix steps

Answer 29

1. Root: Parent chain includes -OH group 2. Suffix: ends with "-ol" with the -OH position indicated by a number before the ol (if suffix ends with a vowel, drop the -e at the end of the parent alkane) 3. Prefix: number alkyl branches

Question 30

Alkyl halides

Answer 30

hydrocarbons containing at least on halogen atom (F,Cl, Br, I)

Question 31

Alkyl Halides physical properties | 4 traits

Answer 31

- artificial - some are potent greenhouse gasses - Very similar properties to alcohol - Lower boiling point than alcohol

Question 32

Naming Alkyl Halides

Answer 32

1. Root: parent chain is longest one that includes the halogen group 2. Suffix: "-ane" from the parent alkane, halogens are considered a branch 3. Prefix: Name and number alkyl groups and then halogen groups (as Chloro-, fluoro-, bromo- or indo-). Sort alphabetically

Question 33

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 33

Compound that contains a carboxyl group (-COOH)

Question 34

Carboxylic Acid Physical properties | 4 traits

Answer 34

- Very polar, allows for hydrogen bonding - Bp higher than other derivatives and hyrocarbons - Short acids are oluble in water, long are not - weak acids (turn litmus paper red)

Question 35

Naming Carboxylic Acids | Root, sufix, prefix steps

Answer 35

1. Root: Parent chain is longest that includes the carboxyl group 2. Suffix: Drop the "-e"at the end of the alkane and replace it with "-oic Acid" 3. Prefix: Name and number alkyl side groups off of the main chain (numbering starts at the carboxyl)

Question 36

Ester

Answer 36

Hydrocarbon derivative that includes a -COOC- functional group ## Footnote general formula: RCOOR' (R = any hydrocarbon, R' = not just a Hydrogen)

Question 37

Ester Physical properties | 5 traits

Answer 37

- Polar - No H-bonding - Boiling point lower than alcohols and acids - small esters are soluble (large are not) - volatile to generate aromas (vaporise easily)

Question 38

Naming Esters | Root, sufix, prefix steps

Answer 38

1. Root: Parent chain contains C=O bonds, so name it as carboxylic acid 2. Suffix: Drop the -oic acid and replace it with -oate 3. Prefix: name the alkyl group branching off the oxygen, ALWAYS leaving a space between the prefix and the root

Question 39

Isomers

Answer 39

compounds with identical atoms, but different structural formulas, leading to different properties