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Chemistry 30 > Module 1-3 Unit 3 > Flashcards

Module 1-3 Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic Compounds

New definition

A

Carbon based compounds with C-C bonds , C-H bonds and sometimes other bonds

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2
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Compounds consisting of just hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

A

Hydrocarbons with NO benzene ring

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4
Q

Alkanes

A

Aliphatic hydrocarbons with single covalent bonds (saturated)

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

Saturation

A

The most amount of bonds with hydrogen you can have

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6
Q

Homologous series

A

any set of molocules that differ by one specific unit

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7
Q

Empirical molecular formula example

A

C5H12

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8
Q

Expanded molecular formula example

A

CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3

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9
Q

Structural and condensed structual formula

A

Structural: Fully expanded compound with all bonds drawn
Condensed: CH written together with bonds between structural units

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10
Q

Line diagram

A

Zigzaged lines with the points representing carbons

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11
Q

Suffix

A

Category the molucule belongs to

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12
Q

Root

A

Number of carbon atoms in the parent chain

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13
Q

Root prefixs 1-10

A

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

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14
Q

Prefix

A

the positions and names of branches (alkyl groups)

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15
Q

Physical properties of alkanes

4 traits

A
  • Nonpolar
  • Insoluble in water
  • Only LDF at work
  • Boiling point lower than Alkynes but higher than Alkenes
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16
Q

Alkenes

A

Aliphatic hydrocarbons with at least one double bond (Unsaturated)

CnH2n

17
Q

Physical Properties of Alkenes

4 traits

A
  • Nonpolar
  • insoluble in water
  • Only LDF at work
  • Boiling points slightly lower than Alkanes
18
Q

Alkynes

A

Aliphatic hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond (unsaturated)

CnH2n-2

19
Q

Alkynes physical properties

4 traits

A
  • Nonpolar
  • Insoluble in water
  • Only LDF at play
  • Higher boiling points than alkanes
20
Q

Cylic Hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic hydrocarbons that form rings (No benzene ring)

can be alkanes alkenes or alkynes

21
Q

Cylic hydrocarbons physical properties

A

Nonpolar, similar to straight chain hydrocarbons

22
Q

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A

Hydrocarbons with a benzene ring

23
Q

Benzene ring

A

a Six-carbon ring with one hydorgen atom bonded to each carbon

24
Q

Physical properties of aromatics

3 traits

A
  • Liquid at standard temperature
  • More carbons = higher boiling point
  • Strong aromas
25
Q

Functional group

A

special arrangment of atoms that define the properties of an atom

26
Q

Hydrocarbons derivatives

A

similar to hydrocarbons, but include other atoms other than carbon and hydrogen (alcohol, alkyl halides, carbolic acids and esters)

27
Q

Alcohol

A

a hydrocarbon derivitive that contains an -OH (hydroxyl)

28
Q

Alcohol physical properties

4 traits

A
  • Small molecules Polar, large are not
  • Small molecules soluble in water, large are not
  • Higher bp than alkanes
  • Toxic
29
Q

Naming Alcohols

Root, sufix, prefix steps

A
  1. Root: Parent chain includes -OH group
  2. Suffix: ends with “-ol” with the -OH position indicated by a number before the ol (if suffix ends with a vowel, drop the -e at the end of the parent alkane)
  3. Prefix: number alkyl branches
30
Q

Alkyl halides

A

hydrocarbons containing at least on halogen atom (F,Cl, Br, I)

31
Q

Alkyl Halides physical properties

4 traits

A
  • artificial
  • some are potent greenhouse gasses
  • Very similar properties to alcohol
  • Lower boiling point than alcohol
32
Q

Naming Alkyl Halides

A
  1. Root: parent chain is longest one that includes the halogen group
  2. Suffix: “-ane” from the parent alkane, halogens are considered a branch
  3. Prefix: Name and number alkyl groups and then halogen groups (as Chloro-, fluoro-, bromo- or indo-). Sort alphabetically
33
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

Compound that contains a carboxyl group (-COOH)

34
Q

Carboxylic Acid Physical properties

4 traits

A
  • Very polar, allows for hydrogen bonding
  • Bp higher than other derivatives and hyrocarbons
  • Short acids are oluble in water, long are not
  • weak acids (turn litmus paper red)
35
Q

Naming Carboxylic Acids

Root, sufix, prefix steps

A
  1. Root: Parent chain is longest that includes the carboxyl group
  2. Suffix: Drop the “-e”at the end of the alkane and replace it with “-oic Acid”
  3. Prefix: Name and number alkyl side groups off of the main chain (numbering starts at the carboxyl)
36
Q

Ester

A

Hydrocarbon derivative that includes a -COOC- functional group

general formula: RCOOR’ (R = any hydrocarbon, R’ = not just a Hydrogen)

37
Q

Ester Physical properties

5 traits

A
  • Polar
  • No H-bonding
  • Boiling point lower than alcohols and acids
  • small esters are soluble (large are not)
  • volatile to generate aromas (vaporise easily)
38
Q

Naming Esters

Root, sufix, prefix steps

A
  1. Root: Parent chain contains C=O bonds, so name it as carboxylic acid
  2. Suffix: Drop the -oic acid and replace it with -oate
  3. Prefix: name the alkyl group branching off the oxygen, ALWAYS leaving a space between the prefix and the root
39
Q

Isomers

A

compounds with identical atoms, but different structural formulas, leading to different properties

Chemistry 30 (4 decks)

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