module 1/2 key terms

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Socrates

Answer 2

believed in dualism (where the mind and body are separate) and that knowledge was innate

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

felt that knowledge was gained through experience and observation (basically early empiricism)

Question 4

Rene Descartes

Answer 4

(1595-1650) believed in dualism (where the mind and body is separate)

Question 5

Francis Bacon

Answer 5

held a very scientific view of things; his ideas with John Locke led to empiricism

Question 6

John Locke

Answer 6

(1632-1704) his ideas with Francis Bacon led to empiricism; Tabla Rasa: the mind is a blank state at birth

Question 7

empiricism

Answer 7

the concept that knowledge originates in experience and science should rely on observation and experimentation

Question 8

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 8

(1832-1920) father of experimental psychology and sought to measure basic mental processes (structuralism), conducted the first laboratory experiment in Leipzig, Germany in December of 1879

Question 9

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 9

(1846-1924) started the first psychology lab at John Hopkins University (1883), first president of APA; student of Wundt

Question 10

Edward Bradford Titchener

Answer 10

(1867-1927) introduced structuralism; student of Wundt

Question 11

structuralism

Answer 11

the study of the structure or basic elements of the mind; data gathered through introspection (reflecting inwards on experiences and reporting on them)

Question 12

William James

Answer 12

(1842-1910) introduced fundamentalism; wanted to understand the how and why of mental processes and behavior

Question 13

Charles Darwin

Answer 13

father of evolutionary psychology; theory of natural selection

Question 14

functionalism

Answer 14

studies how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play (how the mind works)

Question 15

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 15

first female president of APA; denied PhD at Harvard

Question 16

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 16

first female PhD at Cornell; second female APA president

Question 17

nature/nurture

Answer 17

the long-lasting debate that involves the balance between the competing factors of genetics vs environment

Question 18

natural selection

Answer 18

the heritable traits that lead to increased survival and reproduction

Question 19

levels of analysis

Answer 19

various ways of psychology (biological, cognitive, and socioculture)

Question 20

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 20

considers all the levels of analysis and their complex interactions to further understand the human mind

Question 21

psychometrics

Answer 21

the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Question 22

basic research

Answer 22

seeks to expand knowledge in a field of study

Question 23

applied research

Answer 23

seeks to create practical solutions for specific problems

Question 24

psychiatry

Answer 24

a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders (usually involving medication)

Question 25

positive psychology

Answer 25

a viewpoint that shifts the focus of psychology to focus on the positives like strengths, well-being, and the pursuit of happiness