Module 1 & 2: History of Wine Flashcards
US Federal regulating agency for wine
TTB
Country with the most wine grape acreage
Spain
Country with the largest wine production volume
Italy
Country with the largest wine production value
France
International regulating agency for wine
OIV
Which of the following describes the impact of wine as an economic and social beverage in the Greco-Roman world:
- Trade routes spread the production and commerce of wine throughout Europe
- The barrel became a widespread storage and transport vessel for wine
- First to make wine
- Developed many training and pruning techniques
- Grape cross-breeding to develop new varieties
- First to understand that microbes cause fermentation
1, 2, 4
The Greeks and Romans understood relationships among soil, climate, and vine type and that different growing regions created different flavors. The trading of wine became important and spread throughout Europe. The Gauls introduced the barrel to the Romans and it became a common transportation and storage vessel
What Century:
Wine became scarce and more of a status symbol for the wealthy
11th Century
What Century:
Strong influence of the church building abbeys and monasteries
12th & 13th Centuries
What Century:
Development of organized winemaking and expansion of wine drinking
15th & 16th Centuries
What Century:
Development of the glass wine bottle and decanters
17th Century
What Century:
Development of cork closures for wine
18th Century
The tradition system of winegrowing began to collapse in the 19th century due primarily to _____________________.
Mechanization and steam transportation
________________ put a huge strain on European vineyards until it was learned that grapes could be grafted onto resistant rootstocks.
Phylloxera
Reduced wine supplies from the spread of Phylloxera in the late 1800s led to the production and marketing of ___________ wines. This development helped spur the advent of laws protecting _____________ as a key indicator of quality.
artificial, appellation
From the early 1900s, the wine industry has seen a transformation. Driven by technological advances and new winegrowing regions around the world, wine has become a global business. Especially in the lower priced wines, __________ is being challenged by __________ in the consumer’s mind.
appellation, brand
Common Grape (Genera/species)
Vitis vinifera
legal definition of alcohol content in wine
more than 0.5%, less than 24% ethanol
Legal definition of alcohol content of table wine
7-14%
Legal definition of dessert or fortified wine
> 14% to 24%
the year the grapes were harvested
Vintage Year
provides the official regulations that govern
approved winemaking processes in the US. Title 27 pertains to the wine industry and includes
information on labeling requirements, American Viticultural Areas (AVAs), health warning
statements required on alcoholic beverages, and approved winemaking processes and
materials.
US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
How are wine taxes based?
on ethanol content
Rank the highest to lowest taxes based on type of wine
Highest - Sparkling
Middle - Dessert
Lowest - Table
Wine dates back to when? and where
5800-6000 BCE modern day Georgia
the highest per capita consumption of wine is______?
The US
True/False
The appreciation of high quality growing sites was first recognized by the Greeks and Romans.
True
True/False
The Catholic Church was a major influence on the spread of vineyards during the Middle Ages.
True
True/False
The Phoenicians were the first to introduce the barrel as a storage and transport vessel.
False
True/False
Some of the earliest evidence of winemaking is found in Australia.
False
True/False
Phylloxera is a fungal disease that destroyed much of the European grape industry in the late 1800s.
False
True/False
Glass wine bottles and cork closures were not introduced until the early 1900s.
False
True/False
Louis Pasteur discovered that the source of fermentation activity was microbial in the mid-1800s.
True
True/False
The French appellation system had its origin after Phylloxera damage to the wine economy.
True
True/False
Currently, the global economy of wine is shifting consumer focus on brand to one based on appellation.
True
True/False
Throughout history, wine has often had a place in society due to its place in religious ceremonies.
True
