Module 1+2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is critical for the pacific economy?
A
Natural Resources
2
Q
What are the broad divisions of the Pacific?
A
Micronesia, Melanesia, polynesia
3
Q
What are dependencies?
A
A territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty, yet remains politically outside the controlling states area
4
Q
What is free association?
A
An international agreement establishing and governing the relationships of free association
5
Q
What is independence?
A
Self governing, centralised system of governance
6
Q
Tuamotu
A
Ancestors, descendants, seen and unseen, importance of relationship
7
Q
Va
A
Relational space and recpricocity
8
Q
Gerentocracy
A
Look after elders/most vulnerable
9
Q
Mata ile mata
A
Eye to eye, sign of respect
10
Q
Tulou
A
Excuse self if imposed on ones va
11
Q
Aiga
A
Family
12
Q
Nu’u
A
Village
13
Q
Fa’a matai
A
Traditional governance/organisational system
14
Q
Matai
A
Chief system
15
Q
Alli
A
High chief
16
Q
Tulafale
A
Talking chief
17
Q
Tulafale Alli
A
hybrid (high chief who can’t speak)
18
Q
Taulasea
A
Traditional healers
19
Q
‘Ala Mou’ai
A
pathways to the essence of life force (comes from a combination of pacific languages). Represents the holistic view of health and wellbeing, encompassing the physical, mental, cultural and spiritual dimensions
20
Q
Influenza (1918 Pasifika)
A
19-22% of pasifika people died due to influenza, SS Talune (Ship of death which killed 9000 on pacific islands, 45% of matai)
21
Q
Samoa Measles Outbreak (2019)
A
low vaccination rates because of past experiences, cultural norms, family structure, language barriers, low health literacy, no reminder system, not have available vaccine and poorly communicated incentive programmes
22
Q
COVID 19 samoa
A
Restricted travel very early because of the impact other outbreaks have had and want to be prevented, gerontocracy was important
23
Q
Ta vaka atafaga model
A
Tokelau, represented by a canoe, incorporates mind, family, spirituality/belief systems, mind, social and physical body
24
Q
Tivaevae model
A
Cook Islands, represented by fabric, incorporates collaboration, respect, reciprocity, relationships and shared vision
25
Kakala model
Tongan, represented by a wreath, incorporates establishing relationships, collect, search, selection, weave, present/gifting, monitoring, continuity
26
Fa'afaletui Model
Samoan, fall means house and tuition means to weave
27
Ta and va model
tongan, time (future and past) and space (physical, intellectual, social, symbolic)
28
Fonua Model
Tongan, represented by overlapping circles, incorporates mental wellbeing, physical wellbeing, spiritual wellbeing community and environment in four phases: exploratory, formative, maintenance and reformation
29
Key characteristics of pacific health models
holistic and communal focused, importance of family, respect, relational space, spirituality and reciprocity
30
Fonafale Model
Pan-pacific, represented by a hut, foundation is family with four pillars (physical, mental, spiritual, other) and culture as the roof. Context, time and environment surrounding
31
Hauora
Health
32
Wairuatanga
Spirituality
33
Hinengaro
Mind
34
Whenua
Land placenta
35
Whanaugnatanga
Family connection, kinship
36
Manaakitanga
Hospitality, kindness, generosity
37
Aroha
Love, emphasise, compassion
38
Mauri
Life force
39
Wairua
Immortal spirit/soul
40
Utu
Recipricocity
41
Mana
Prestige/authority
42
Tapu
Restricted/sacred
43
Noa
Free from tapu (balance)
44
Whakapapa
Lineage/ancestory
45
Tangihanga
Similar to funeral, usually on marae over 3-5 days
46
Atua
A god or gods
47
Ranginui
Rangi
48
Papatuanuku
Papa
49
Waka
Canoe
50
Iwi
Tribes
51
Hierarchy of collective
Waka > Iwi > Hapu > Whanau
52
Tikanga
Right way of doing things according to values (adapting)
53
What is involved in Maori health?
Communally orientated, highly spiritual, active people, infectious diseases were unknown, believed disobeying tapu was how people got sick
54
Awa
River
55
Maunga
Mountain
56
Kai moana
Seafood
57
Karakia
Recite ritual chants
58
Tohunga
Have healing powers - responsible for the health and wellbeing of the community
59
What is illness from the Maori perspective?
Being punished by atua for violating tapu
60
Makutu
Curse
61
What is divine origin illness?
Karakia, medicinal plants, wairua, massage
62
What is human origin illness?
Muka, splints
63
What happened to the Maori in influenza (1918)?
Disproportionally affected, mass graves = no tangihanga, Maori and wairua impacted, Hongi discouraged = whanaungatanga and aroha impacted
64
What happened with maori in covid 19?
disproportionate health disparities, rural living have low internet access so cut off from GP access, resource strain, whanau extended bubbles targeted by covid regulations, tikanga affected because of no tangihanga and hongi
65
Te where tapa model
Four taha (physical, spiritual, whanau, mental)
66
Te wheke model
Octopus with head = whanau, eyes = waiora
67
Restitution stories
- Associated with the recently ill and compelling because they are often true
- Plot line (“yesterday I was healthy but today I am sick but tomorrow I will be well again”)
- Only relates to physical changes in the individual
- Biomedicine emerges as heroic or triumphant
68
Chaos Stories
- They are not admired
- People are consumed by their illness
- Storyline of ‘and then… and then… and then…’
- Moral duty to honor these stories by listening
- All treatments are seen as pointless so is difficult for health care workers
- Belong to the sufferer and no one else
69
Quest Stories
- Departure date, initiation period and then a return (like the stages of a journey)
- The key characteristic of the story is endurance and forbearance by the teller
- People are suffering and learning the integrity of suffering is the reason for the quest
70
Testimonial Stories
- They are ‘testimonial stories’ - pressing you to witness and to believe and excluding information information that contradicts their key storyline
- All stories are testimonials
71
Disease
- Disease is what we have when we leave the doctors office (Cassell 1976)
- Disease is a departure from the norm established by a biomedical authority and to which the practise of medicine seeks to return the clients (Canguilhem)
- Objective set of biomedical facts in which the body is not functioning as is usually would
72
Health
Universally seen as a good state to be in
- The ability to continue living your life in a wide array of future circumstances (ups and downs) canguilhem
- A stats of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity - WHO
- A set of common sense disease which we have all been learning since childhood about our bodily processes, the way in which we monitor them, and the standard rhetorical devices we which we use to describe them - Kleinman
73
Contested Diagnosis
- Can work in two directions
- You consider yourself ill but few agree you have disease
- Others think you have disease but you consider you are just one more variation of how to be normal
74
Illness
- Illness is what we feel when we go to visit a doctor (Cassell 1976)
- Illness can be thought of as a type of misfortune which brings on a subjective experience of physical and emotional changes which are generally conformed by other people (Helman 2007)
- To become demoralized with one's world (Kleinman 1989)
75
Hierarchies of Resort
- Hierarchy of resort links the severity and annoyance of the illness to the type of care seeked
- At the bottom of the hierarchy are folk and lay which is where most of the time is spent
- Professional is at the top of the hierarchy
- People don’t normally go straight to the professional
76
Language of Distress
- The stories others tell to communicate their experience of illness (bridge between subjective experience and social acknowledgement)
- They can be acknowledged (validated) or not acknowledged by others, with severe consequences for the person who is ill
- Heavily influenced by culture and what is culturally acceptable
77
Health Care Pluralism
- There are multiple sources of expertise/knowledge of health (Lay, folk, professional)
- Professional = they have learned and become qualified
- Folk = People in alternative medicine with no qualifications
- Lay = People who help you and understand your normal state of health such as friends, family and hair dressers
78
Healing
- Healing is finding meaning by rewriting your own story to fit the new circumstances
- Healing is regaining your voice in 3 phases: mute suffering, expressive suffering (narrative), finding authentic voice (Younger)
79
Suffering
- Is a state of distress brought about by an actual or perceived threat to integrity (Cassell 2004)
- Suffering occurs through alienation in 3 phases: from yourself, from others and by making strangers out of those you know well (Younger 1995)
80
Intersectionality
How social and political identities can influence how people are treated (positive or negative) and how they overlap cancel and reinforce each other
81
Structural Suffering
- Systematic,widespread, predictable inequality of access to those processes that enhance and sustain well being
- Occurs everywhere and seemingly caused by no one and everyone simultaneously.
82
Social Model of Disability
- Society as disabling
- Circulating norms about what is appropriate, restricts the life chance of people who demonstrate perfectly ordinary forms of difference.
83
Predicament Model of Disability
- Views disability as a ‘predicament” that we must resolve ourselves as best as we can
- Noting that disability has medical and material components
84
Biopower
- It is the ways that ideas about how people should see themselves trickle down from those in power to influence everyone's way of self regulating
- It operates persuasively and almost unnoticed
- It operates continuously along two major axis, at the level of large populations of people and also at the level of the individual
85
Technologies of the self
Many ways we monitor and change our behaviour to meet society's idea of a good life
86
Mind body dualism
- Mind body dualism with a reductive view of the body
- Prioritises numerically expressed data
- Dysfunction and structural deviance to explain disease
- Based on scientific research
- Use mind and body as separate entities. Treats the body as a malfunctioning system and leaves the mind to other disciplines. Ignore spirituality and meaning.
