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POPH192 > Module 1+2 > Flashcards

Module 1+2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is critical for the pacific economy?

A

Natural Resources

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2
Q

What are the broad divisions of the Pacific?

A

Micronesia, Melanesia, polynesia

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3
Q

What are dependencies?

A

A territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty, yet remains politically outside the controlling states area

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4
Q

What is free association?

A

An international agreement establishing and governing the relationships of free association

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5
Q

What is independence?

A

Self governing, centralised system of governance

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6
Q

Tuamotu

A

Ancestors, descendants, seen and unseen, importance of relationship

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7
Q

Va

A

Relational space and recpricocity

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8
Q

Gerentocracy

A

Look after elders/most vulnerable

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9
Q

Mata ile mata

A

Eye to eye, sign of respect

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10
Q

Tulou

A

Excuse self if imposed on ones va

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11
Q

Aiga

A

Family

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12
Q

Nu’u

A

Village

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13
Q

Fa’a matai

A

Traditional governance/organisational system

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14
Q

Matai

A

Chief system

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15
Q

Alli

A

High chief

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16
Q

Tulafale

A

Talking chief

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17
Q

Tulafale Alli

A

hybrid (high chief who can’t speak)

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18
Q

Taulasea

A

Traditional healers

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19
Q

‘Ala Mou’ai

A

pathways to the essence of life force (comes from a combination of pacific languages). Represents the holistic view of health and wellbeing, encompassing the physical, mental, cultural and spiritual dimensions

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20
Q

Influenza (1918 Pasifika)

A

19-22% of pasifika people died due to influenza, SS Talune (Ship of death which killed 9000 on pacific islands, 45% of matai)

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21
Q

Samoa Measles Outbreak (2019)

A

low vaccination rates because of past experiences, cultural norms, family structure, language barriers, low health literacy, no reminder system, not have available vaccine and poorly communicated incentive programmes

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22
Q

COVID 19 samoa

A

Restricted travel very early because of the impact other outbreaks have had and want to be prevented, gerontocracy was important

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23
Q

Ta vaka atafaga model

A

Tokelau, represented by a canoe, incorporates mind, family, spirituality/belief systems, mind, social and physical body

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24
Q

Tivaevae model

A

Cook Islands, represented by fabric, incorporates collaboration, respect, reciprocity, relationships and shared vision

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25
Q

Kakala model

A

Tongan, represented by a wreath, incorporates establishing relationships, collect, search, selection, weave, present/gifting, monitoring, continuity

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26
Q

Fa’afaletui Model

A

Samoan, fall means house and tuition means to weave

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27
Q

Ta and va model

A

tongan, time (future and past) and space (physical, intellectual, social, symbolic)

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28
Q

Fonua Model

A

Tongan, represented by overlapping circles, incorporates mental wellbeing, physical wellbeing, spiritual wellbeing community and environment in four phases: exploratory, formative, maintenance and reformation

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29
Q

Key characteristics of pacific health models

A

holistic and communal focused, importance of family, respect, relational space, spirituality and reciprocity

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30
Q

Fonafale Model

A

Pan-pacific, represented by a hut, foundation is family with four pillars (physical, mental, spiritual, other) and culture as the roof. Context, time and environment surrounding

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31
Q

Hauora

A

Health

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32
Q

Wairuatanga

A

Spirituality

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33
Q

Hinengaro

A

Mind

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34
Q

Whenua

A

Land placenta

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35
Q

Whanaugnatanga

A

Family connection, kinship

36
Q

Manaakitanga

A

Hospitality, kindness, generosity

37
Q

Aroha

A

Love, emphasise, compassion

38
Q

Mauri

A

Life force

39
Q

Wairua

A

Immortal spirit/soul

40
Q

Utu

A

Recipricocity

41
Q

Mana

A

Prestige/authority

42
Q

Tapu

A

Restricted/sacred

43
Q

Noa

A

Free from tapu (balance)

44
Q

Whakapapa

A

Lineage/ancestory

45
Q

Tangihanga

A

Similar to funeral, usually on marae over 3-5 days

46
Q

Atua

A

A god or gods

47
Q

Ranginui

A

Rangi

48
Q

Papatuanuku

A

Papa

49
Q

Waka

A

Canoe

50
Q

Iwi

A

Tribes

51
Q

Hierarchy of collective

A

Waka > Iwi > Hapu > Whanau

52
Q

Tikanga

A

Right way of doing things according to values (adapting)

53
Q

What is involved in Maori health?

A

Communally orientated, highly spiritual, active people, infectious diseases were unknown, believed disobeying tapu was how people got sick

54
Q

Awa

A

River

55
Q

Maunga

A

Mountain

56
Q

Kai moana

A

Seafood

57
Q

Karakia

A

Recite ritual chants

58
Q

Tohunga

A

Have healing powers - responsible for the health and wellbeing of the community

59
Q

What is illness from the Maori perspective?

A

Being punished by atua for violating tapu

60
Q

Makutu

A

Curse

61
Q

What is divine origin illness?

A

Karakia, medicinal plants, wairua, massage

62
Q

What is human origin illness?

A

Muka, splints

63
Q

What happened to the Maori in influenza (1918)?

A

Disproportionally affected, mass graves = no tangihanga, Maori and wairua impacted, Hongi discouraged = whanaungatanga and aroha impacted

64
Q

What happened with maori in covid 19?

A

disproportionate health disparities, rural living have low internet access so cut off from GP access, resource strain, whanau extended bubbles targeted by covid regulations, tikanga affected because of no tangihanga and hongi

65
Q

Te where tapa model

A

Four taha (physical, spiritual, whanau, mental)

66
Q

Te wheke model

A

Octopus with head = whanau, eyes = waiora

67
Q

Restitution stories

A
  • Associated with the recently ill and compelling because they are often true
  • Plot line (“yesterday I was healthy but today I am sick but tomorrow I will be well again”)
  • Only relates to physical changes in the individual
  • Biomedicine emerges as heroic or triumphant
68
Q

Chaos Stories

A
  • They are not admired
  • People are consumed by their illness
  • Storyline of ‘and then… and then… and then…’
  • Moral duty to honor these stories by listening
  • All treatments are seen as pointless so is difficult for health care workers
  • Belong to the sufferer and no one else
69
Q

Quest Stories

A
  • Departure date, initiation period and then a return (like the stages of a journey)
  • The key characteristic of the story is endurance and forbearance by the teller
  • People are suffering and learning the integrity of suffering is the reason for the quest
70
Q

Testimonial Stories

A
  • They are ‘testimonial stories’ - pressing you to witness and to believe and excluding information information that contradicts their key storyline
  • All stories are testimonials
71
Q

Disease

A
  • Disease is what we have when we leave the doctors office (Cassell 1976)
  • Disease is a departure from the norm established by a biomedical authority and to which the practise of medicine seeks to return the clients (Canguilhem)
  • Objective set of biomedical facts in which the body is not functioning as is usually would
72
Q

Health

A

Universally seen as a good state to be in

  • The ability to continue living your life in a wide array of future circumstances (ups and downs) canguilhem
  • A stats of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity - WHO
  • A set of common sense disease which we have all been learning since childhood about our bodily processes, the way in which we monitor them, and the standard rhetorical devices we which we use to describe them - Kleinman
73
Q

Contested Diagnosis

A
  • Can work in two directions
  • You consider yourself ill but few agree you have disease
  • Others think you have disease but you consider you are just one more variation of how to be normal
74
Q

Illness

A
  • Illness is what we feel when we go to visit a doctor (Cassell 1976)
  • Illness can be thought of as a type of misfortune which brings on a subjective experience of physical and emotional changes which are generally conformed by other people (Helman 2007)
  • To become demoralized with one’s world (Kleinman 1989)
75
Q

Hierarchies of Resort

A
  • Hierarchy of resort links the severity and annoyance of the illness to the type of care seeked
  • At the bottom of the hierarchy are folk and lay which is where most of the time is spent
  • Professional is at the top of the hierarchy
  • People don’t normally go straight to the professional
76
Q

Language of Distress

A
  • The stories others tell to communicate their experience of illness (bridge between subjective experience and social acknowledgement)
  • They can be acknowledged (validated) or not acknowledged by others, with severe consequences for the person who is ill
  • Heavily influenced by culture and what is culturally acceptable
77
Q

Health Care Pluralism

A
  • There are multiple sources of expertise/knowledge of health (Lay, folk, professional)
  • Professional = they have learned and become qualified
  • Folk = People in alternative medicine with no qualifications
  • Lay = People who help you and understand your normal state of health such as friends, family and hair dressers
78
Q

Healing

A
  • Healing is finding meaning by rewriting your own story to fit the new circumstances
  • Healing is regaining your voice in 3 phases: mute suffering, expressive suffering (narrative), finding authentic voice (Younger)
79
Q

Suffering

A
  • Is a state of distress brought about by an actual or perceived threat to integrity (Cassell 2004)
  • Suffering occurs through alienation in 3 phases: from yourself, from others and by making strangers out of those you know well (Younger 1995)
80
Q

Intersectionality

A

How social and political identities can influence how people are treated (positive or negative) and how they overlap cancel and reinforce each other

81
Q

Structural Suffering

A
  • Systematic,widespread, predictable inequality of access to those processes that enhance and sustain well being
  • Occurs everywhere and seemingly caused by no one and everyone simultaneously.
82
Q

Social Model of Disability

A
  • Society as disabling
  • Circulating norms about what is appropriate, restricts the life chance of people who demonstrate perfectly ordinary forms of difference.
83
Q

Predicament Model of Disability

A
  • Views disability as a ‘predicament” that we must resolve ourselves as best as we can
  • Noting that disability has medical and material components
84
Q

Biopower

A
  • It is the ways that ideas about how people should see themselves trickle down from those in power to influence everyone’s way of self regulating
  • It operates persuasively and almost unnoticed
  • It operates continuously along two major axis, at the level of large populations of people and also at the level of the individual
85
Q

Technologies of the self

A

Many ways we monitor and change our behaviour to meet society’s idea of a good life

86
Q

Mind body dualism

A
  • Mind body dualism with a reductive view of the body
  • Prioritises numerically expressed data
  • Dysfunction and structural deviance to explain disease
  • Based on scientific research
  • Use mind and body as separate entities. Treats the body as a malfunctioning system and leaves the mind to other disciplines. Ignore spirituality and meaning.

POPH192 (6 decks)

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