MODULE 1

Question 1

20th century framework that recognizes Earth as a single, adpative system of complex interactions between physical, chemical, and biological processes.

represented by interlinking and interacting “spheres” of processes and phenomena

Answer 1

Earth System Science

Question 2

4 spheres of the Earth

Answer 2

1. atmosphere
2. biosphere
3. hydrosphere
4. geosphere

Question 3

3 layers of the earth based on chemical composition

Answer 3

1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Core

Question 4

Elements most present in the Crust

Answer 4

O, Si, Al, Fe, and Ca

Question 5

Elements most present in the Mantle

Answer 5

O, Si, Al, Fe, Mg

Question 6

Elements most present in the Core

Answer 6

Fe, Ni

Question 7

What methodology is used to tell us if the core is solid/liquid?

Answer 7

Seismic activity

Question 8

What methodology is used to tell the physical properties of the core?

Answer 8

Planetary missions

Question 9

this is the part of the atmosphere where there is human activity (aircraft, clouds)

Answer 9

Troposphere

Question 10

part of the atmosphere where there is ozone

Answer 10

Stratosphere

Question 11

part of the atmosphere where there is meteor activity

Answer 11

Mesosphere

Question 12

part of the atmosphere where there is the International Space System (ISS) and the Aurora

Answer 12

Thermosphere

Question 13

part of the atmosphere where there are satellites

Answer 13

Exosphere

Question 14

includes water vapor, fog, or water droplets in the form of clouds

Answer 14

Water in the Atmosphere

Question 15

freshwater stored in cracks under the Earth’s surface; it is extracted and often used for drinking and irrigation

Answer 15

Groundwater

Question 16

streams of moving water, mostly freshwater

Answer 16

Rivers and tribunaries

Question 17

massive bodies of ice on the Earth’s polar regions; store 3/4 of the Earth’s freshwater

Answer 17

Glaciers

Question 18

bodies of freshwater in an inland basin that are still or slow-moving

Answer 18

Lakes

Question 19

large expanses of saltwater that occupy more than 70% of the Earth

Answer 19

Oceans and Seas

Question 20

The hydrosphere is the totality of the water and covers __________ of our planet. Saltwater makes up _________ of the Earth’s water, while freshwater is a scarce resource at _________ percent.

Answer 20

75%, 97%, 3%

Question 21

approach to understanding how elements interact within a whole system; focused on connections, relationships between parts of a system rather than the parts in isolation; recognizes interconnected and interdependent nature of systems and shifts from linear to circular causality.

Answer 21

Systems Thinking

Question 22

The environmental systems are composed of ________________, exhibiting complex behavior over multiple temporal and spatial scales

Answer 22

nested and coupled sub-systems

Question 23

What approach is best suited for systems thinking as the environmental and human systems are closely coupled?

Answer 23

socio-ecological approach

Question 24

graphical tool for systematically organizing ideas about a topic.

Answer 24

Concept Map

Question 25

Key features of concept maps

Answer 25

1. Texts or words to represent ideas 2. Shapes such as circles, boxes, and lines or arrows to show connections. 3. Linking words or linking phrases to specify how two ideas are connected with each other.