Module 1 Flashcards
What is an embedded computer?
An embedded computer is a computer inside another electrical device, like inside a TV or printer.
What is an Information System?
An Information System is a collection of hardware, software, and networks that people use to create, store, organize and distribute information
What are the three components of IS?
IS has three components: technology, people, and business/organization method
What is the Pascaline?
The first mechanical calculator
What is ENIAC?
ENIAC is an early example of computing technology used to perform automatic computations for an information system implemented by the U.S. army.
What is ARPANET?
ARPANET was a framework used to transfer information between educational organizations and government organizations.
What is Materials requirements planning?
MRP was one of the first IS methods developed to organize company manufacturing resources.
What is client-server architecture?
This lets each user to log into a local area network (LAN) from their PC (the client) by connecting to a larger computer (the server)
What is automation?
The process of using computers and machines to perform tasks once performed by a person, to cut costs and often increase production speed.
What is electronic commerce?
Selling goods and services over the Internet
What is offshoring?
Its where company processes are performed overseas to take advantage of lower costs.
Who made the loom?
Joseph Marie Jacquard
Who made the first mechanical computer?
Charles Babbage
Who was the first computer programmer?
Ada Lovelace
What was the algorithm used to compute the Bernoulli numbers and said to be the first computer program?
Note G (by Ada Lovelace)
What is the Turing Test
The Turing test evaluates if a computer is considered intelligent by posing a series of questions. A computer passes the test if the computer’s response cannot be distinguished from a human’s response.
Who created the first compiler?
Grace Hopper
What’s the origin of the term computer bug?
Grace Hopper and her Harvard team discovered that a moth had gotten stuck on one of the computer switches, interfering with the computer’s operation. The bug was removed (debugged) and fixed
What is COBOL
A language designed for business use but often criticized as being too verbose.
What is the bombe?
A code-breaking machine used to decode german messages that were encrypted by the Enigma.
What is a model?
A model is a simplified representation or abstraction of a more complex object, system, or phenomenon
What is a simulation?
A simulation is a model that changes over time.
Benefits of Models and Simulations?
Can avoid costs, difficulty or danger of creating a complex system and allow rapid repeated testing which can help visualize the process
What is cloud computing
the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
