Module 1 Flashcards
is a strip of land at an airport on which aircraft can take off and
land and forms part of the maneuvering area
Runway (RWY)
may be a man-made surface (often asphalt, concrete, or a mixture of both) or a natural surface (grass, dirt, gravel or ice).
Runway/Runways
Terms fall under the flight safety topic of runway safety
Incursion, Excursion and Confusion
is an incident where a single aircraft makes an inappropriate exit from the runway. This can happen because of pilot error, poor weather, emergency, or a fault with the aircraft.
Runway Excursion
is a type of excursion where the aircraft is unable to stop before the end of the runway. An example of such an event is Air France Flight 358 in 2005.
Overrun
is the most frequent type of landing accident, slightly ahead of runway incursion.
Runway excursion
another term for a runway accident.
Runway event
is defined by both FAA and ICAO as: “Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.”
Runway Incursion
is when a single aircraft makes “the unintentional use of the wrong runway, or a taxiway, for landing or take-off”.
Runway Confusion
What are the systems designed to improve runway safety?
Airport Management Area Safety System (AMASS) and Runway Awareness and Advisory System (RAAS)
Two important sizes of a runway
Length and Width
The choice of material used to construct the runway depends on the use and the local ground conditions.
Pavement
For a major airport, where the ground conditions permit, the most satisfactory type of pavement for long-term minimum maintenance is
Concrete
is prepared and maintained to maximize friction for wheel braking.
Pavement Surface
To minimize hydroplaning following heavy rain, the ______ is usually grooved so that the surface water film flows into the grooves and the peaks between grooves will still be in contact with the aircraft tires.
Pavement Surface
To maintain the macro texturing built into the runway by the grooves, maintenance crews engage in ____ in order to meet required FAA friction levels.
Airfield rubber removal or Hydro cleaning
is an International Civil Aviation Organization standard used in combination with the Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) to indicate the strength of a runway, taxiway or airport ramp (or apron). This helps to ensure that the airport ramp is not subjected to excessive wear and tear, thus prolonging its life.
Pavement Classification Number (PCN)
The PCN is actually expressed as a ______, separated by forward slashes, describing the piece of pavement concerned.
Five Part Code
Uniformly sized stones rolled or compacted in-place, and usually sealed by an asphalt treatment that penetrates into the uppermost portion of the surface, or coated with tar or bitumen. Usually such surfaces are thin by typical airport standards, on the order of 1 to 2 inches (2 to 5 centimeters) thick.
Macadam
A runway, typically constructed of a mixture of compacted soils and stones, with a surface that is not bound by any additives (neither asphaltic nor cementitious). Such runways are classified as “unpaved” and are sometimes referred to as “unimproved”.
Gravel Runway
What runway usually does not qualify as a gravel runway?
Grass Runway
A runway, taxiway, or ramp that is surfaced with a mixture of asphaltic materials (asphalt and aggregate) of from 3 to 5 inches (8 to 13 centimeters) or more in thickness. This type of construction qualifies a runway to be referred to as “hard surfaced” or “paved”.
Flexible Pavement
Other term for Flexible Pavement
Asphalt Pavement
A runway, taxiway, or ramp that is surfaced with a mixture of concrete materials (portland cement, sand, coarse aggregate, and water) of from 6 to 20 inches (15 to 51 centimeters) or more in thickness.
Rigid Pavement
Other term for Rigid Pavement
Concrete Pavement
This type of runway is usually an unpaved (gravel) runway, the surface of which has been treated with a spray sealant (usually asphaltic or resinous) to create a well-textured, waterproof surface that typically has a total thickness of less than one inch (one to two centimeters).
Seal Coat
A mixture of well-graded fine aggregate, mineral filler, emulsified asphalt and water, applied to a runway as a surface treatment.
Slurry Seal
are generally only applied to previously paved surfaces.
Slurry Seal
