Module 1 Flashcards
Order for medication issued by a Physician, Dentist, and Veterinarian.
Prescription
Prescription designates a specific medication and dosage to be prepared by a what?
Pharmacist
Traditional symbol that means “Recipe”, “ To take”, and “Take thou”.
Rx
In hospital, prescriptions are referred to as what?
Medication order
Prescription that is followed until another one cancels it. Example is;
Lisinopril 10 PO daily.
Routine order
Prescription for medication administered when it was requested by, or as needed by the patient.
PRN order
Orders that are administered based on the patient’s symptoms. Example of it is:
“Acetaminophen 500 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed for pain”
PRN order
Referred as an order set or protocol. These are standardized prescriptions for nurses.
Standing order
Prescription for medication administered only once. Such as prescriptions for IV dose of antibiotics.
One time order
One-time order that is administered without delay due to urgency
STAT order
Order in which medication dose is either progressively increasing or decreasing in response to patient’s status.
Titration order
Given by physician over the phone or in person, usually to charge nurse.
Verbal orders
Often occurs in the evening when the physician is away so the medication can be ordered and given the patient prior to the physician returning to the unit.
Verbal orders
If absorption is significantly impaired with food, give the drug at least ____ mins before food. Drugs such as Rifampicin, Alendronate, and Metronidazole benzoate.
30 mins
If absorption significantly _____ with food, give drugs with or after meals. Drugs such as Griseofulvin and antiretrovirals.
Increases
If absorption is impaired with with food and tolerance is a concern, drug can be given with food. Give the drug examples.
Roxithromycin, Erythromycin based, Sodium fusidate
Must be taken with food to bind dietary phosphate in GI tract.
Phosphate binders (calcium carbonate)
Given with food to decrease risk of Hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas
Taking this drug in the morning minimize risk of esophageal ulceration.
Bisphosphonates
Taking drugs at bedtime with _____ effects minimize daytime sedation
Sedative
Disease that have circadian patterns in intensity and symptoms.
Asthma
Rheumatoid arthritis
Displays a circadian variation by decreasing overnight.
Blood pressure
Practice of altering timing of doses
Chronotherapy
Once daily dosing drugs taken at bedtime to maximize urinary concentrations overnight.
Trimethoprim
Taken in morning with food and large glass of water or milk to reduce risk of esophageal ulcers.
Doxycycline
Approved to be taken irrespective to foodyet formation of non-absorbable complexez with metallic ions resulted to recommendations of taking this drug in an empty stomach.
Ciprofloxacin
Low dose amitriptyline are used for what?
Neuropathic pain
True or False
SSRI cam cause insomnia and is taken in the morning
True
Drugs that can cause somnolence
Fluvoxamine
Paroxetine
Given in morning with food to mimic normal cortisol production
Maintenance dose
Recommended to be taken with food to reduce incidence of GI adverse effects
NSAIDs
In GRD, drugs should be taken half an hour before ______ is symptoms primarily occur during the day.
Breakfast
It lowers cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
Statins
Statins with shorter half life are recommended for evening dosing.
Simvastatin
Pravastatin
Longer acting statins that are taken at any time.
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Immune system component that normally attacks foreign bacteria and viruses mistakenly attacks cells lining the joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Main cause of stuffy nose and hay fever
Histamine
Most common remedy of hay fever
Antihistamine
It worsens at night and is most severe in the morning
Hay fever
Process of preparing medication to meet unique needs of patients.
Extemporaneous compounding
Practice that dates back to the origins of pharmacy itself.
Extemporaneous compounding
Extemporaneous compounding is a highly skilled practice that requires a deep understanding of what?
Pharmacology
Chemistry
True or False
Extemporaneous compounding plays a crucial role om Pediatrics and Geriatrics.
True
Process of extemporaneous compounding begins in what?
Prescription
First step and crucial step of compounding process as dosage must be precise and to ensure medication is effective and safe
Calculate
This step requires high level of precision as a small error can have serious consequences.
Measure out
Pharmacists will then use ____ and ____ to ensure ingredients are measured accurately.
Precision scale
Measuring device
After measuring, next step is ____.
Mix
Mixing is done using specialized technique and equipment such as ________ for grinding and mixing solid ingredients.
Mortar and pestle
Goal of this step is to create a medication that is uniform in composition and texture.
Mix
Final step of compounding process is _____.
Test
This step involves testing the medication for Uniformity, Potency, and Purity.
Test
4 steps of compounding process
Calculate
Measure out
Mix
Test
Date and time after which compounded sterile prep. or CNSP may not be stored or transported and calculated from date or time of compounding.
Beyond use dates
Identifies time which preparation once mixed must be used before it is at risk for physical or chemical degradation.
CSP or CNSP
Serves to alert healthcare workers
BUD
Water containing oral formulations
14 days
Water containing topical or dermal
30 days
Non aqueous formulations
6 months
Non-preserved aqueous
14 days
Preserved aqueous
35 days
Non-aqueous dosage forms
90 days
Solid dosage forms
180 days
