Module 1 Flashcards
What is the time range of Paleolithic Age
Approx. 2.6 million years
ago to 10,000 BCE
What is the time range of Neolithic Age
Approx. 8,000 BCE to 3,000
BCE
What is the time range of Mesolithic Age
b. Approx. 10,000 BCE to
8,000 BCE
How did ancient civilizations from the Paleolithic age obtain food?
By hunting and gathering
How did ancient civilizations from the Paleolithic age obtain food?
By Hunting and Gathering
How did ancient civilizations from the Neolithic age obtain food?
Agriculture and Domestication
Settlement of humans during the Paleolithic era
Nomadic lifestyle,
(caves)
Settlement of humans during the Mesolithic era
Semi-nomadic (rivers)
Settlement of humans during the Neolithic era
Permanent Settlement (Villages)
Tools during the Paleolithic era
Simple stone tools
Tools during the Mesolithic era
Refined stone tools
Tools during the Mesolithic era
Refined stone tools
Tools during the Neolithic era
Polished stone tools
Notable discoveries during the Paleolithic era
Control of fire,
development of language,
cave paintings
Notable discoveries during the Mesolithic era
Fishing, early use of
pottery and increased
use of tools
Notable discoveries during the Neolithic era
Agriculture and
domestication of plants and
animals, pottery
How did people create bronze (Alloy)?
By combining Tin with Copper
First writing system. Utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols are carved on clay using wedge instruments. Keep records of things with great historical value.
Cuneiform
Considered the first true city in the world. Build only using mud or clay mixed with reeds, producing sunbaked bricks - used to make houses and walls
Uruk City
Known as Mountain of God. Sacred place only priest are allowed to enter. Showcase elaborate and intricate architecture.
The Great Ziggurat of Ur
Was built to answer the increase demand for food Used to bring water to farmlands. Control flooding of the rivers. Considered as one of world’s most beneficial engineering works
Irrigation and Dikes
People wanted to discover faraway lands to settle. Essential in transportation and trading.
Sailboats
These were not intended for transportation, but for farm work and food processes. Mill grains with less effort and less time.
Wheels
Humans evolve from food gatherers to farm cultivators. They Invented this to dig the earth in a faster pace. Result in mass
produce food in less effort and time
Plowing
These were built to facilitate faster and easier travel. Same technology with sunbaked bricks. They also used black sticky substance like asphalt called bitumen. Very useful during rainy season
Roads
An ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
Babylonian Civilization
One of the seven wonders of ancient world. Structure that contain several. layers upon layers of gardens containing different species of plants. Built by king Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife Queen Amytis
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
This code established laws and regulations for various aspects of society, promoting justice, fairness, and the rule of law. It served as a foundation for later legal systems and influenced the development of legal codes in other civilizations.
Code of Hammurabi
One of the oldest surviving works
of literature in the world. This epic poem explores themes of heroism, friendship, and the search for immortality, providing insights into ancient Babylonian culture,
beliefs, and values.
Epic of Gilgamesh
One of the oldest surviving works
of literature in the world. This epic poem explores themes of heroism, friendship, and the search for immortality, providing insights into ancient Babylonian culture,
beliefs, and values.
Epic of Gilgamesh
Bronze age phase of the Sumerian Civilization
Early Bronze Age (3rd
millennium BCE)
Bronze age phase of the Babylonian Civilization
Middle to Late Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE)
Bronze Age Phase of the Athenian Civilization
Late Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE)
The preeminent civilization in the Mediterranean world for almost 30 centuries
Egyptian Civilization
Before, clay tablets were used,
but clay tablets are fragile, heavy and delicate to handle. It was a plant that grew along Nile river. Egyptian process the plant to produce thin sheets. Considered as the major accomplishment in record
keeping and communication.
Papyrus
Made from combining soot with different chemicals to produce pigment of different colors. Should withstand elements nature so that it can preserve the record of history, culture and codified laws.
Ink
System of writing adapted from Sumerian as a result of trade. Written on walls of pyramids and other important structures. Well preserved, can still be seen today.
Hieroglyphics
True or False, Cosmetics during the ancient Egypt period was invented for aesthetic reasons only.
False: It was invented for both
health and aesthetic
reason
What Egyptians mix soot/malachite with mineral galena to wear around their eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases.
Kohl
True or False, in Ancient Egyptian times, wigs were worn for health and wellness rather than aesthetic purposes.
True
Utilizes gravity that affect flow of water from one vessel to another. Time keeping device. Served various purposes, including regulating work shifts, determining the length of religious rituals, and indicating specific time intervals during the day.
Water Clock/Clepsydra
A hard, strong, gray or bluish-gray alloy of iron with carbon and usually other elements, used extensively as a structural and fabricating material.
Steel
Sometimes called the first world war, featured one of the largest-ever chariot battles.
Battle of Khadesh - Hittite Empire
A development in the Persian empire’s trade and industry
Coins became more widespread and standardized.
This is the period the Greek Civilization arose and the first scientists and philosophers were known.
Antiquity Period
This is the period the Greek Civilization arose and the first scientists and philosophers were known.
Antiquity Period
Emerged in an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe. It’s known as the birthplace of western philosophy. A civilization that has contributed much to
the world especially in the fields of science
and technology. Also coliseums and the Olympics.
Greek Civilization
Describe alarm clocks during ancient Greek times
The ancient Greek’s alarm clocks used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm. They made use of water (or sometimes small stones or sand) that dropped into drums which sounded the alarm.
It’s also considered as one of the most important contributions of the Greek civilization to the world. They were commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was a necessary form of food processing during that time. They only required access to rivers or flowing water where a mechanism of a large wheel with small “buckets” of water attached to it could be installed.
Water Mill
It was perceived to be the strongest
political and social entity in the west. It was considered to be the cradle of politics and governance during that period.
The Roman Empire
Other civilizations looked up to it as their model in terms of legislation and codified laws. And aside from their contributions in politics, a lot of discoveries and inventions still relevant today can be attributed to this civilization
The Roman Empire
The first Newspaper was known as?
Gazettes
Before the invention of paper, where were these gazettes printed on?
engraved in metal or some stone tablets
and then publicly displayed.
(Latin: Daily Acts, sometimes translated as Daily Public Records or poetically as Daily Gazette)
Acta Diurna
True or False, because of bound books or codex, civilizations became fond of record keeping, especially documenting historical events and newly legislated laws.
True
True or False, Record-keeping was harder since paper easily breaks, and hard bound books take a lot of space.
False: Record-keeping was much easier since paper did not easily break, was
lightweight, and did not occupy space as much as stone tablets
True or False, Record-keeping was harder since paper easily breaks, and hard bound books take a lot of space.
False: Record-keeping was much easier since paper did not easily break, was
lightweight, and did not occupy space as much as stone tablets
According to sources, he started the tradition of stacking up papyrus to form pages of a book. Who is he?
Julius Caesar
The covers of early books were made from what?
The earlier covers were made of wax.
Replaced wax being the cover of books because this material is far more stronger and longer lasting.
Animal Skin
What happened when the field of engineering and architecture was
fully supported and funded by the Roman
There’s development in architecture and they were able to implement major projects such as large churches (cathedrals and basilica, aqueduct coliseums, amphitheaters, and
even residential houses).
Romans devised their own number system
specifically to address the need for a
standard counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns. What is this?
Roman Numerals
They laid the foundation for Western
philosophy by exploring fundamental
questions about the nature of reality,
the origin of the universe, and the
principles that govern the natural
world.
Pre-Socratic
Philosophers
Considered one of the
first philosophers and is
known for his focus on
the primary element of
water as the
fundamental substance
from which everything
is derived.
Thales
Proposed that an indefinite and boundless substance called “apeiron” was
the source of all things and introduced the idea of natural laws governing the universe.
Anaximander
Renowned for his
mathematical and
geometric contributions,
including the Pythagorean
theorem. He also believed
in the concept of the
harmony of the spheres and
the immortality of the soul.
Pythagoras
Who said the quote “you cannot step into the same river twice”?
Heraclitus
Emphasized the concept of
eternal change and believed that
reality is in a constant state of
flux.
Heraclitus
Proposed that all matter was composed of four substances: earth, air, fire, and water. He also introduced the concept of the four forces—love, strife, attraction, and repulsion— that govern the interactions
between these elements.
Empedocles
Proposed that all matter was composed of four substances: earth, air, fire, and water. He also introduced the concept of the four forces—love, strife, attraction, and repulsion— that govern the interactions
between these elements.
Empedocles
Developed the concept of atomism, positing that all matter consists of indivisible and indestructible particles called atoms.
Democritus
Primarily concerned with philosophical inquiry and the exploration of ethical and metaphysical questions.
Socratic Philosophers
He is best known for his Socratic Method, a method of questioning that aimed to stimulate critical thinking and self-examination.
Socrates
He was a student of Socrates. Adopted Empedocles’ theory and coined the term element to describe these four substances.
Plato
Is not typically considered a Socratic
philosopher. He was primarily known as a physician and is often regarded as the founder of medicine.
Hippocrates
A collection of medical writings attributed to Hippocrates and his followers, which
focused on principles of medical ethics and the observation of symptoms and diseases.
Hippocratic Corpus
A collection of medical writings attributed to Hippocrates and his followers, which
focused on principles of medical ethics and the observation of symptoms and diseases.
Hippocratic Corpus
considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia. Also known as the Middle Kingdom, it is located on the far east of Asia. It was
famous among other ancient civilizations
because of its silk trade.
The Chinese Civilization
It is naturally produced by silk worms, the
Chinese were the ones who developed the
technology to harvest these and process it to produce paper and clothing.
Silk
What opened China to the outside world, making way for cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges.
The production of silk resulted in the creation of a product for trade, known as The silk trade.
A beverage produced by pouring hot or
boiling water over crushed or shredded dried leaves. It was believed that the first one was drunk by Chinese emperor.
Tea
It is said to be the largest and most extensive infrastructure that the nation built. It was constructed to keep out foreign invaders and control the boarders of China.
The Great Wall of China
It was developed by Chinese alchemist who aimed to achieved immortality.
They mixed charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate , but instead of creating an elixir of life, they accidentally invented a black powder that could actually generate large amounts of heat and gas in an instant.
Gunpowder
Often called the Dark Ages, began around 476 A.D. following a great loss of power throughout Europe by the Roman Emperor. The Middle Ages span roughly 1,000 years, ending between 1400 and 1450.
Middle Ages (Medieval Period)
Who created the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
He was able to develop the first compound microscope.
Zacharias Janssen
He was able to develop the first compound microscope.
Zacharias Janssen
With this device, people were able to observe organisms that were normally unseen by the naked eye. It was key in discovering new means in preventing and curing various illness.
The Microscope
The Middle Ages was also known as?
The Age of Exploration
A simple device intended to enhance vision, making distant things appear closer.
The Telescope
body armors were heavy and
limited their movements. The problem was eventually solved by the invention of ____?
Chainmail
Taken place between 1400 and 1600, with major impacts on art, architecture and culture. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli and Albrecht Dürer are among the legendary artists who shaped the era with their art.
Renaissance Period
A French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist, that invented pasteurization.
Louis Pasteur
the process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria. Through this process, milk could be stored and consumed for a longer period.
Pasteurization
He was able to invent kerosene by refining petroleum.
Samuel M. Kier
Kerosene was later on referred to as the ____
“illuminating oil”.
Inventor of the Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
The Renaissance saw the invention of the mechanical calculator by?
Wilhelm Schickard, and later by Blaise Pascal
Ingenuity of the Filipinos despite the lack in resources. Discoveries and inventions were built from indigenous materials or created to adapt to the harsh environment.
Philippine Inventions
He was able to invent the Salamander
Chief Designer Victor “Atoy” Llave
an amphibious tricycle that can cross not only flooded streets but also rivers and lakes.
The Salamander
She was able to invent a lightning system that utilizes a material abundant in the Philippines-saltwater
Aisa Mijeno
an environmentally-friendly light source that runs on saltwater.
Sustainable Alternative Lightning (SALt) lamp
Its main purpose was to maintain conditions suitable for a newborn, usually a pre-term baby.
Medical Incubator
Other breakthroughs in Philippine medicine attributed to her, including her works on the immunization and treatment of jaundice and the BRAT diet for curing diarrhea. (Banana, Rice, Apple & Tea)
Dr. Fe del Mundo
This trap system is made of natural ingredients that are lethal to mosquito but safe for humans and the environment.
Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvici dal Trap System
In 2010, they were able to introduce
the mosquito Ovicidal /Larvicidal Trap
System, also known as OL Trap.
Department of Science and Technology-Industrial Technology Development Institute (DOST-ITDI)
This modern type of transportation utilizes electricity instead of the more expensive diesel. It is environmentally-friendly since it does not emit any smoke and noise.
E jeepney
