Module 1

Question 1

Borders are not well defined, are ill defined, or are not present. Examples: abscess, thrombus, and metastases.

Answer 1

Irregular borders

Question 2

The opposite of anechoic; echo-producing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity. Examples: gallstone, renal calyx, bone, fat, fissures, and ligaments.

Answer 2

echogenic or hyperechoic

Question 3

The opposite of echogenic; without internal echoes; the structure is fluid-filled and transmits sound easily. Examples: vascular structures, distended urinary bladder, gallbladder, and amniotic cavity.

Answer 3

anechoic or sonolucent

Question 4

Which direction does one move the probe if one slides the probe towards the patient’s midline or center of the abdomen from the side of the abdomen?

Answer 4

medial

Question 5

Not uniform in texture or composition. Example: Many tumors have characteristics of both decreased and increased echogenicity.

Answer 5

heterogeneous

Question 6

Usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease. Examples: carcinoid or sarcoid infiltration.

Answer 6

infiltrating

Question 7

Well-defined borders with internal echoes; the septa may be thin (likely benign) or thick (likely malignant).

Answer 7

Located mass

Question 8

Which direction does one move the probe if one slides the probe towards the patient’s head?

Answer 8

superior

Question 9

Low-level echoes within a structure. Examples: lymph nodes and fibroma.

Answer 9

hypoechoic

Question 10

The interface between two fluids with different acoustic characteristics; this level will change with patient position. Example: dermoid tumor with fluid level.

Answer 10

fluid-fluid level

Question 11

Which direction does one move the probe if one slides the probe towards the patient’s side from the midline aspect of the abdomen?

Answer 11

Lateral

Question 12

The sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object. This reflection or absorption may be partial or complete; air bubbles in the duodenum may cause a “dirty shadow” to occur secondary to reflection; a stone would cause a sharp shadow posterior to its border.

Answer 12

Shadowing

Question 13

Very close to the normal parenchyma echogenicity pattern. Example: metastatic disease.

Answer 13

Isoechoic

Question 14

The probe is slowly angled back and forth in one place to image the area completely or to follow the anatomical structure.

Answer 14

rock

Question 14

The opposite of heterogeneous; completely uniform in texture or composition. Example: The textures of the liver, thyroid, testes, and myometrium are generally considered homogeneous.

Answer 14

Homogeneous

Question 14

Sound that travels through an anechoic (fluid-filled) substance and is not attenuated; brightness is increased directly beyond the posterior border of the anechoic structure compared with the surrounding area—this is “enhancement”.

Answer 14

enhancement, increased through-transmission

Question 15

The motion used to navigate between the ribs or to change from transverse to longitudinal planes

Answer 15

rotate

Question 16

This motion is used when the probe is physically moved along the area of interest

Answer 16

slide

Question 17

the micromovement when the probe is minutely angled, pivoting on a point of interest.

Answer 17

fan

Question 18

The probe remains in one area while using a large wrist motion with the probe perpendicular to the skin surface to sweep through and area of interest.

Answer 18

sweep

Question 19

The scanning position used when the transducer is angled superiorly just beneath the inferior costal margin.

Answer 19

subcostal

Question 20

The scanning position used when the transducer is placed between the ribs.

Answer 20

intercostal

Question 21

vesicouterine pouch

Answer 21

anterior pouch between fundus and bladder

Question 22

rectouterine pouch

Answer 22

posterior pouch between uterus and rectum. AKA Pouch of Douglas

Question 23

Organs in the retroperitoneum or peritoneum

urinary system

Answer 23

retroperitoneum

Question 24

Organs in the retroperitoneum or peritoneum

aorta

Answer 24

retroperitoneum

Question 25

Organs in the retroperitoneum or peritoneum

IVC inferior vena cava

Answer 25

retroperitoneum

Question 26

Organs in the retroperitoneum or peritoneum

colon

Answer 26

retroperitoneum

Question 27

Organs in the retroperitoneum or peritoneum

pancreas

Answer 27

retroperitoneum

Question 28

Organs in the retroperitoneum or peritoneum

uterus

Answer 28

retroperitoneum

Question 29

Organs in the retroperitoneum or peritoneum

bladder

Answer 29

retroperitoneum

Question 30

Divides abdominal cavity into peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneum

Answer 30

peritoneum

Question 31

outer layer of peritoneum

Answer 31

Parietal – (outer) lines abdominal cavity

Question 32

inner layer of peritoneum

Answer 32

Visceral – (inner) covers the organs

Question 33

Hangs from greater curvature of stomach over intestines (like an apron); after descending, it folds back and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon

Answer 33

Greater Ommentum

Question 34

joins lesser curvature and proximal duodenum to liver (fan shaped)

Answer 34

Lesser Ommentum

Question 35

Subphrenic spaces (2)

Answer 35

below the diaphragm
Right - hepatic region
Left - splenic region

Question 36

Subhepatic space

Answer 36

AKA: Morrison’s pouch:

located between the right lobe of the liver, the right kidney, & the hepatic flexure

Common to see ascites here when patient supine

Question 37

left side of the abdomen

behind the stomach and lesser ommentum

between the diaphragm and the transverse colon

Pancreatitis can cause fluid, blood or infection to accumulate here

Answer 37

lesser sac

Question 38

located in the retroperitoneum
around the kidneys

lies within the Gerota’s faschia

encloses kidneys and adrenal glands

Answer 38

Perinephric space

Question 39

Formed by ascending & descending colon

Lie on the lateral and medical sides of ascending & descending colon

Communicate with pelvic cavity

Answer 39

Paracolic gutters (4)

Question 40

2 layers that Makes up the superficial faschia

Answer 40

Camper’s faschia (superficial fatty layer) - contains small blood vessels and nerves

Scarpa’s faschia (deep membranous layer) - made of fat & fibrous tissue