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MICR 270 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Commensal microorganisms

A

microorganisms that are harmless or beneficial

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2
Q

Pathogenic microorganisms

A

microorganisms that can cause a disease state

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3
Q

normal functions of the immune system

A

Eliminate & Discriminate

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4
Q

Discriminate function

A

recognize self from non-self

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5
Q

Eliminate Function

A

Destroy non-self (pathogen) and altered self cells (eg. cancer)

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6
Q

dysfunctions of the immune system

A

-Autoimmunity & Hypersensitivity

-Immunodeficiency

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7
Q

Autoimmunity & Hypersensitivity

A

Misdirect or overly active immune system

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8
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

Underactive immune system (AIDS)

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9
Q

define antigen

A

foregin protein that induces an immune response, typically including production of antibodies (antibody generator)

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10
Q

define antibody

A

a protein that is produced in response to, and countering, a specific antigen

**antibodies bind to foreign substances (antigens) and provide a signal for their elimination

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11
Q

which systems create an efficent filtering system

A

circulatory, lymphatic and immune

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12
Q

major lymphoid organs

A

-thymus
-bone marrow
-liver
-lymphatic system
-spleen

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13
Q

what is the immune system made up of

A

tissues, organs and specialized cells

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14
Q

Lymphatic system

A

network of vessels that drains fluid (lymph), that filtrated from the blood in the capillaries and entered the surrounding tissues (interstitial space)

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15
Q

Circulatory System

A
  • where the lymph comes from and goes to after being filtered
    -the lymphatic vessels pick up the lymph and carry it toward the heart where it reenters the circulatory system
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16
Q

Immune System

A

-cells of the immune system travel between the circulatory and lymphatic systems

-some immune cells reside in tissues and can directly interact with antigens (following breach of 1st immune barrier)

-other cells travel in the blood to infection site where they enter tissues and bind antigen, then enter lymphatic system and travel to lymph nodes where antigens are eliminated

17
Q

lymphoid organs purpose

A

act as sites for immune cell generation, training, and/or sites of action

18
Q

bone marrow structure

A

-flexible tissue
-2 types: yellow and red
-filled with hematopoietic cells

19
Q

bone marrow location

A

central cavity inside bones

20
Q

bone marrow function (RED)

A

-important for immune system
-site of hematopoiesis (origin of all immune cells)
-site of b-cell development

21
Q

bone marrow function (YELLOW)

A

-some leukocyte development
-produces fat and cartilage

22
Q

lymph nodes structure

A

-small, bean shaped, numerous
-divided into 3 concentric regions
-filled with lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

23
Q

3 concentric regions of lymph nodes

A

cortex, paracortex and medulla

24
Q

lymph nodes location

A

grouped along the lymphatic vessels

25
Q

lymph nodes function

A

-filters lymph
-1st organized lymphoid structure that foreign molecules enter

26
Q

Spleen structure

A

-large, oval
-divided into 2 compartments: white and red pulp

27
Q

Spleen Location

A

-left abdomen

28
Q

Spleen Function

A

RED Pulp
- filters blood
WHITE Pulp
- site of development of immune responses against antigens found in blood stream

29
Q

white pulp

A

-filled with macrophages, lymphocytes, T-cells, B-cells and red blood cells

-important compartment of the spleen as it is made of lymphatic tissue filled with immune cells

30
Q

Red pulp

A

composed of cords of Billroth ( fibrils and CT cells with monocytes and macrophages) and splenic sinuses that are filled with blood

31
Q

MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissues) structure

A

-combined Sa of various areas in the body (BALT, GALT, lamina propria, peyers patches, tonsils and appendix)
-filled with various types of immune cells depending on location

32
Q

MALT Location

A

mucous membranes lining the digestive, respiratory, and urogenetial systems

33
Q

MALT function

A

initiates immune responses to specific antigens encountered along all mucosal surfaces

34
Q

Thymus Structure

A

-flat
-bi-lobed (each lobe is divided into lobules which have 2 compartments; the medulla and cortex)
-filled with thymocytes, epithelial cells, dendritic cells and macrophages

35
Q

Thymus Location

A

Superior to the heart

36
Q

Thymus Function

A

site of t cell development and maturation

37
Q
A

MICR 270 (5 decks)

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