Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Commensal microorganisms

A

microorganisms that are harmless or beneficial

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2
Q

Pathogenic microorganisms

A

microorganisms that can cause a disease state

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3
Q

normal functions of the immune system

A

Eliminate & Discriminate

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4
Q

Discriminate function

A

recognize self from non-self

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5
Q

Eliminate Function

A

Destroy non-self (pathogen) and altered self cells (eg. cancer)

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6
Q

dysfunctions of the immune system

A

-Autoimmunity & Hypersensitivity

-Immunodeficiency

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7
Q

Autoimmunity & Hypersensitivity

A

Misdirect or overly active immune system

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8
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

Underactive immune system (AIDS)

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9
Q

define antigen

A

foregin protein that induces an immune response, typically including production of antibodies (antibody generator)

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10
Q

define antibody

A

a protein that is produced in response to, and countering, a specific antigen

**antibodies bind to foreign substances (antigens) and provide a signal for their elimination

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11
Q

which systems create an efficent filtering system

A

circulatory, lymphatic and immune

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12
Q

major lymphoid organs

A

-thymus
-bone marrow
-liver
-lymphatic system
-spleen

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13
Q

what is the immune system made up of

A

tissues, organs and specialized cells

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14
Q

Lymphatic system

A

network of vessels that drains fluid (lymph), that filtrated from the blood in the capillaries and entered the surrounding tissues (interstitial space)

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15
Q

Circulatory System

A
  • where the lymph comes from and goes to after being filtered
    -the lymphatic vessels pick up the lymph and carry it toward the heart where it reenters the circulatory system
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16
Q

Immune System

A

-cells of the immune system travel between the circulatory and lymphatic systems

-some immune cells reside in tissues and can directly interact with antigens (following breach of 1st immune barrier)

-other cells travel in the blood to infection site where they enter tissues and bind antigen, then enter lymphatic system and travel to lymph nodes where antigens are eliminated

17
Q

lymphoid organs purpose

A

act as sites for immune cell generation, training, and/or sites of action

18
Q

bone marrow structure

A

-flexible tissue
-2 types: yellow and red
-filled with hematopoietic cells

19
Q

bone marrow location

A

central cavity inside bones

20
Q

bone marrow function (RED)

A

-important for immune system
-site of hematopoiesis (origin of all immune cells)
-site of b-cell development

21
Q

bone marrow function (YELLOW)

A

-some leukocyte development
-produces fat and cartilage

22
Q

lymph nodes structure

A

-small, bean shaped, numerous
-divided into 3 concentric regions
-filled with lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

23
Q

3 concentric regions of lymph nodes

A

cortex, paracortex and medulla

24
Q

lymph nodes location

A

grouped along the lymphatic vessels

25
lymph nodes function
-filters lymph -1st organized lymphoid structure that foreign molecules enter
26
Spleen structure
-large, oval -divided into 2 compartments: white and red pulp
27
Spleen Location
-left abdomen
28
Spleen Function
RED Pulp - filters blood WHITE Pulp - site of development of immune responses against antigens found in blood stream
29
white pulp
-filled with macrophages, lymphocytes, T-cells, B-cells and red blood cells -important compartment of the spleen as it is made of lymphatic tissue filled with immune cells
30
Red pulp
composed of cords of Billroth ( fibrils and CT cells with monocytes and macrophages) and splenic sinuses that are filled with blood
31
MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissues) structure
-combined Sa of various areas in the body (BALT, GALT, lamina propria, peyers patches, tonsils and appendix) -filled with various types of immune cells depending on location
32
MALT Location
mucous membranes lining the digestive, respiratory, and urogenetial systems
33
MALT function
initiates immune responses to specific antigens encountered along all mucosal surfaces
34
Thymus Structure
-flat -bi-lobed (each lobe is divided into lobules which have 2 compartments; the medulla and cortex) -filled with thymocytes, epithelial cells, dendritic cells and macrophages
35
Thymus Location
Superior to the heart
36
Thymus Function
site of t cell development and maturation
37