Module 1 Flashcards
Florence Nightingale
Founder of Nursing
Noticed relationship between environment and health
Dorothea Dix
Established Nurse Corps of the United States Army
Clara Barton
Organized the American Red Cross
Peplau’s theory
Interpersonal relations with patients. Nurse must become their counselor and caretaker and tailor to individual needs of the patient
Henderson’s theory
Holistic care, 14 major needs
Role of nurse is to assist in meeting the patients basic needs when they cannot do so independently
Roger’s theory
Patients are whole, and constantly interacting with their environment.
Role of nurse is to facilitate change in the patients energy field, and maintain balance.
Orem’s theory
Surrounding self care deficit.
Nurses are use assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation to find patient’s self care deficit and develop and implement care.
Neuman’s theory
Health Care System Model.
Focuses on human stressors and emphasizes need to cope with them.
Roy’s theory
Adaptation Model.
Focuses on how patients adapt to their environment, so the role of nurses is to assist in adapting to their new environment.
Maslow’s hierarchy
From bottom to top:
Physiological needs - food, water, breathing, shelter, clothing sleep
Safety & security - health, employment, family, property
Love and belonging - friends, family, intimacy, connection
Self esteem - confidence, respect, achievement
Self actualization - morality, creativity acceptance
CABD
Chest compression
Airway
Breathing
Defibrillation
QSEN
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
Purpose: prepare nurses with competencies necessary to improve quality and safety of Healthcare
Patient centered care
Patient is in control
Nurses provide care based on patient’s preference, values, and needs
Health assessment
Establish a database
Identify patient risk factors and strengths/limitations
Compare assessment with baseline norms
Components: health history and physical assessment
Health history
First step in establishing trust.
Medication
Past surgery
Family history
Personal/social history
Review of systems
Physical exam
Head to toe - organized, comprehensive
Body systems - Focused on specific systems
Functional health patterns - focus on effects of health or illness on patient’s QOL
Includes holistic care
Assessment examination order
NON-ABDOMINAL: Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
ABDOMINAL: inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Bell vs Diaphragm
Bell - low pitched sounds (vascular sounds, heart murmur, bruit)
Diaphragm - high pitched sounds (B/P, heart sounds, lung sounds, abdominal)
Primary vs secondary sources
Primary: from the patient themselves
Secondary: anyone else
Subjective vs Objective data
Subjective: Verbal, from the patient
Objective: signs detected by the nurse during examination
Sounds of percussion
Tympany - loud and drum like - air filled structure like intestine
Resonance - low pitched - air filled hollow organ
Hyperresonance - loud and booming - air around organ
Dullness - thud and muffled - fluid or solid organs
Flatness - soft and short. - solid tissue and bone
Space and territoriality zones
Intimate zone - 0 to 18 in
Personal zone - 18 in to 4 ft
Social zone - 4 to 12 ft
Public zone - 12ft and beyond
Always explain to patient what you are doing first
Phases of nurse-client relationship
Orientation/initiating - establishing trust/rapport
Working - The patient is an active participant
Termination - closure of the relationship
Hand-off communication (SBAR)
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
