Module 1

Question 1

Logic

Answer 1

Study of arguments

Question 2

Argument

Answer 2

Sequence of statements: set of premises and a conslusion; show why-is-it-that; if the aim is to explain then it’s not an arguement; conclusion can’t already be a given fact

Question 3

Statement

Answer 3

Declarative sentence that is either true or false (not both); not a question, command or exclamation; truth can’t be relative

Question 4

Conclusion

Answer 4

Claim you are trying to prove by offering argument; can’t already be a given fact

Question 5

Premise

Answer 5

Prove or provide evidence for the conclusion; show why-is-it-that by appealing to reasons

Question 6

Deductive argument

Answer 6

Premises are to prove conclusion; think math- conclusion certain

Question 7

Inductive arguments

Answer 7

Premises are to provide some evidence for conclusion; think science- conclusion probable

Question 8

Open statement

Answer 8

Statement with a variable where more info is needed to determine anything

Question 9

Good statement

Answer 9

Reliable, uses concrete and concise language, avoids loaded language, uses consistent terms, sticks to one meaning for each term, is well supported

Question 10

Inference indicators (2 types)

Answer 10

Premise indicators (giving reasons) & conclusion indicators (adding up consequences)

Question 11

Premise indicators

Answer 11

For, since, because, assuming that, seeing that, granted that, the reason is, as implied by the fact that, in as much as, etc.

Question 12

Conclusion indicators

Answer 12

Therefore, thus, hence, which means that, we may deduce that, as a result, this being so, consequently, it follows that, etc.

Question 13

Natural order

Answer 13

Premises first, conclusion at the end

Question 14

Explanation

Answer 14

Not an argument; show why something in fact is the case (why-in-fact)

Question 15

Critical thinking

Answer 15

How to process information; process of examining and testing propositions to determine whether or not they correspond to reality; scientific method for ordinary people

Question 16

Critical thinking = Scientific method

Answer 16

Question identified> Hypothesis Formulated> Relevant Data Gathered> Hypothesis Tested> Reliable Conclusion Drawn

Question 17

Variable

Answer 17

A spot waiting for a value

Question 18

Domain (replacement set)

Answer 18

Values put into the variable

Question 19

Solution set (Truth set)

Answer 19

Values that make the sentence true