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Tropical Mod 1 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Can be regarded as a type of green building applicable specifically to tropical climates, using design to optimally reduce building energy consumption

A

Tropical Architecture

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2
Q

Strategic arrangement of elements in the building and structures to respond to specific weather, sun and climate condition in Tropical regions

A

Tropical Design

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3
Q

What are the three global climatic factors?

A

Earth’s Rotation
Axis Inclination
Winds

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4
Q

is historically credited as the man who first proposed that Earth’s axis gradually shifts, though very slowly

A

Hipparchus of Nicea

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5
Q

the term used for “tilt”

A

Obliquity

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6
Q

Earth’s axis is tilted ______ from the plane of its orbit around the sun

A

23.44 degrees

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7
Q

Responsible for the Earth’ seasonal changes

A

Axis Inclination

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8
Q

The point of maximum axial tilt toward or away from the sun.

A

Solstices

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9
Q

Winter Solstice starts on

A

December 21st

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9
Q

Summer solstice starts on

A

June 21st

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9
Q

Spring Equinox starts on

A

March 20th

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9
Q

Autumnal Equinox starts on

A

September 22nd

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10
Q

When the direction of tilt and the sun are perpendicular

A

Equinox

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11
Q

It is the movement of air relative to the surface of the Earth. It plays a significant role in determining the climate and weather of a certain place.

A

Wind

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12
Q

can be found at the north and south poles, and they are cold and dry because of where it is located, which is at high latitudes; 60-90 degrees

A

Polar Easterlies

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13
Q

are located in the 30-60 degrees latitude in the northern and southern hemispheres. They blow from west to east and occur in the clement part of the Earth

A

Prevailing Westerlies

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14
Q

take direction in an east-to-west flow because of the rotation of the Earth. As air from the equator rises, it gets warmer and when it cools down, it comes back down to the equator; 0-30 degrees

A

Tropical easterlies

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15
Q

It forms when most south and northeast trade winds converge in a low-pressure zone, near the equator.

A

Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

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16
Q

ITCZ are also called

A

“Doldrums” which means depression

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17
Q

a cool and dry northeast wind coming from Siberia and China and blowing down to Southeast Asia.

A

Amihan (Northeast monsoon)

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18
Q

October to late March, although occurrence may vary every year; Weakens typhoons due to lack of wind moisture

A

Amihan (Northeast monsoon)

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19
Q

frequent heavy rainfall and humid weather; the high-pressure area is on the Australian continent, and the low-pressure area is in North China, Mongolia, and Siberia.

A

Habagat (Southwest monsoon)

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20
Q

June to October (occurrence may also vary each year); Strengthens typhoon

A

Habagat (Southwest monsoon)

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21
Q

is a seasonal rain and wind pattern.

A

Monsoon

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22
Q

is from the Arabic word, “mawsim” which means season

A

Monsoon

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23
Q

Conditions of the atmosphere at a particular location for a long period of time

A

Climate

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24
Q

can change from hour -to -hour, day -to -day, month -to -month or even year -to -year

A

Weather

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25
Q

Hot with wet and dry season; 0.23.5 degrees; Tropical rainforests, closest to the equator

A

Tropical

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26
Q

Hot, mild summers and mild winters; Large mass of water

A

Subtropical

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27
Q

Short summers and long snowy winters

A

Subarctic

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28
Q

Less than 10 inches of rain per year with hot days; Plants are waxy, animals are nocturnal, evaporation exceeds precipitation

A

Dry

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29
Q

Freezing temperatures all year, always cold and dry with short cold summers; Little or no daylight in the winter

A

Polar

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30
Q

Measurement of warmth and coldness of an object or specified location with reference to some standard value.

A

Temperature

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31
Q

measures solar energy from the sun.

A

Solar radiation sensor

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31
Q

It is the amount of rain that falls in a place during a particular period. It is usually measured by the depth in inches or millimeters.

A

Rainfall

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31
Q

It is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature

A

Relative Humidity

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32
Q

shows the wind directions in a particular location. This is useful for creating natural ventilation

A

Wind rose

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33
Q

It is also called the day arc, which refers to the daily and seasonal arc -like path that the Sun appears to follow across the sky as the Earth rotates and orbits the Sun.

A

Sun path

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34
Q

is a tropical cyclone with winds of 120 km/h (74 mph) or faster that forms over the Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator.

A

Typhoon

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35
Q

The word typhoon comes from the Chinese term ________, meaning great wind

A

Tai fung

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36
Q

A typhoon usually follows three different directions, what are these?

A

Straight
Recuriving
Northward

37
Q

are relatively small areas that differ from their surrounding regions.

A

Microclimates

38
Q

Is the relief of an area; Slope, orientation, exposure, elevation, adjacent land masses

A

Topography

39
Q

a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants, and is, by far, the most abundant biotic element of the biosphere.

A

Vegetation

40
Q

its characteristics of reflectance, permeability, and soil temperature influence the microclimate.

A

Ground surface

41
Q

human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from buildings and parks or green space to neighborhoods and cities that can often include their supporting infrastructures, such as water supply or energy networks.

A

Built environment

42
Q

is related to higher summer temperatures in urban areas than in their rural surroundings.

A

Urban Heat Island Effect

43
Q

is the planning of a piece of land to meet a development program that is efficient, expresses the site’s character,and provides appealing spaces to use.

A

Site Planning

44
Q

Is the process of assessing a location’s physical, mental, and social qualities to design an architectural solution that addresses and enhances both the internal and external context

A

Site Analysis

45
Q

What are the elements of site analysis?

A

Location
Neighboring buildings
Size and zoning
Accessibility
Topography
Views and Vistas
Sunpath
Wind Patterns
Vegetation
Utilities and Hazards

46
Q

is the controlled admission of natural light, direct sunlight, and diffused skylight into a building to reduce electric lighting and save energy

A

Daylighting

47
Q

It consists not just of daylight apertures, such as skylights and windows, but is coupled with a daylight-responsive lighting control system.

A

Daylighting Systems

48
Q

Solar angular position from the North solar

A

Azimuth

49
Q

Elevation angle from the ground

A

Altitude

50
Q

Angle measured from the vertical to the elevation angle

A

Zenith

51
Q

“The passively cooled urban house”, a prototype house designed by _________ in collaboration with the Ministry of
Energy

A

Geronimo Manahan

52
Q

Design that works with the environment to exclude unwanted heat or cold and breezes

A

Passive design

53
Q

The use of __________ principles in the tropics results in a comfortable building, and energy efficient and results in substantial savings; initial costs will be higher

A

passive cooling

54
Q

A building design approach that addresses the problem of inducing comfort by means of equipment that consumes energy; Initial cost will be low

A

Active cooling

55
Q

What are the principles of passive design?

A

Avoid heat gain
Encourage Natural Ventilation
Make use of natural light
Create Cool outdoor areas

56
Q

Considerations for Passive Design

A

Orientation
Ventilation
Landscaping
Thermal class
Insulation
Windows
Natural Lighting

57
Q

concerns the position of the building on the site as well as the arrangement of the rooms within it.

A

Orientation

58
Q

What is the rule of convection

A

“Warm air rises, cool air sinks”

59
Q

Shown as figure eight lines that intersect

A

Hour lines

60
Q

Start on the eastern side of the graph and run to the western side and represent the path of the sun

A

Date lines

61
Q

Circulation of air or replacing stale air with fresh air

A

Ventilation

62
Q

Uses the principle of convection to induce air flow

A

Stack ventilation

63
Q

Designing a building in a way that maximizes natural ventilation will greatly reduce the need for air conditioning

A

Passive ventilation

64
Q

Reducing the extent of paving and other hard surfaces with vegetation.

A

Landscaping

65
Q

External temperatures can be reduced by over __ by using ground cover or lawn
instead of paving

A

5°C

65
Q

Is the ability to build materials to absorb, store and release heat

A

Thermal class

65
Q

Is a system for indirect solar heat gain, it consist of a dark colored wall of high thermal mass facing the sun

A

Trombe wall

66
Q

Controls the rate at which buildings loses or gains heat; Most effective way to reduce heat input

A

Insulation

67
Q

Acts as a thermal mass and resists the transfer of heat; Includes materials such as mineral wool, cellulose fiber, polyester, polystyrene

A

Bulk Insulation

68
Q

Made of actual rocks and minerals; Commonly used in building construction, industrial plants and automotive applications

A

Rock wool

69
Q

An insulating material made from fibers of glass arranged using a binder into a texture similar to wool.

A

Glass wool

70
Q

mainly resists heat flow due to its high reflectivity and low ability to re-radiate heat and is more effective when installed with an air layer next to the shiny surface

A

Reflective insulation

71
Q

rates the material’s resistance to heat flow and therefore, indicates its effectiveness.

A

R value

72
Q

The ______ the R-value, the ______ the insulating effect

A

higher; greater

73
Q

is the heat transfer coefficient, which simply means that is a measure of an assembly’s capacity to transfer thermal energy across its thickness.

A

U Value

74
Q

are an important way to encourage and direct airflow into a building

A

Windows

75
Q

Has a tint applied to glass during manufacture to reduce the amount of heat transmitted through it

A

Tinted glass

76
Q

Are thin films of metal or metal oxide that are applied to standard glass; They have the potential to create glare problems for neighboring properties

A

Reflective coatings

77
Q

Shield windows and other glazed areas from direct sunlight

A

Solar shadings

78
Q

A solar shading that is most effective in southern orientations

A

Horizontal overhangs

79
Q

A solar shading that permits air circulation

A

Horizontal louvers parallel to wall

80
Q

A solar shading that provides more sun protection

A

Slanted louvers

81
Q

A solar shading that is most effective for eastern or western exposures

A

Vertical louvers

82
Q

A solar shading that can provide up to 50% reduction of solar radiation

A

Solar blinds

83
Q

combine the shading characteristics of horizontal and vertical louvers

A

Eggcrates or brise soleil

84
Q

Maximizing the amount of natural light that enters the building can lead to significant energy savings by reducing the need for artificial lighting

A

Natural lighting

85
Q

can provide good quality light to workspaces that are away from windows. But they need to be shaded and glazed to prevent heat transfer.

A

Skylight

86
Q

A large open space that has glazed roof and large windows

A

Atrium

87
Q

An architectural element that allows daylight to penetrate deeper into a building; Horizontal light reflecting overhang that is placed above eye level

A

Light shelves

88
Q

High, vertically placed windows that are ideally north-facing

A

Clerestory window

89
Q

Are used for transporting or distributing natural or artificial light

A

Light tubes

90
Q

Is vital in passively cooled environments in hot humid localities; Moving air that hits the human body

A

Air movement

91
Q

How many climate types does Philippines have?

A

four

92
Q

What does PAG-ASA mean?

A

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

93
Q

A typhoon may occur during any month of the calendar year, although the storms tend to peak between _______

A

May and November

94
Q

A straight path is defined as a westward path; the storm will head toward the _______, the _____ of China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

A

Philippines; south

Tropical Mod 1 (3 decks)

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