Module 1 Flashcards
What field methods are used for groundwater surface interactions?
Seepage meters, mini piezometers, and monitering wells
What do seepage meters measure?
the seepage flux across the streambed
What are mini piezometers used for?
They are installed in the stream to quantify the flow direction across the stream bed
Why are groundwater and surface water considered a single resource?
They are connected and changes to one affects the other
True or false:
Surface water flows/discharges into groundwater
False, groundwater flows towards and discharges into surface water
Why is groundwater discharge into surface water important
- Maintains base flows in rivers and streams
- Supplies and maintains water levels in ponds and lakes
- Provides saturated conditions to wetlands
- Moderates SW temperature and provides suitable fish habitat
- Provides preferential habitats and enhances biodiversity
- Can improve SW quality
What are the 4 main types of groundwater
Streams/rivers
Lakes/ponds
Wetlands
Tidal environments
What is a flow through stream?
Flow through streams both gain and lose water
What is a zero exchange stream
Parallel flow
What is discharge?
Seepage rate - change in volume over a given time
Q= v/t
What is flux?
Specific discharge (q)
What are the three rules for determining the direction of flow between hydraulic heads?
- Heads measured to a common datum
- Head value written next to screen
- flow goes from high to low
What should the wave height, water speed, and water depth be when you install a seepage meter?
less than 30 cm wave height, less than 10 cm/s water speed, greater than 10cm depth
Should the sediment be sandy or gravel where you install a seepage meter?
Sandy
How do you find hydraulic gradient?
Hydraulic gradient is calculated by determining how much hydraulic head changes per distance in a given direction
