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Introduction to Psychology > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

Focused on understanding the conscious experience through introspection

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

Emphasized how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment

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4
Q

Structuralism

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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5
Q

Functionalism

A

William James

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6
Q

Psychodynamic Psychology

A

Focuses on the role of the unconscious and childhood experiences in affecting conscious behavior.

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7
Q

Behaviorism

A

Focuses on observing and controlling behavior through what is observable. Puts an emphasis on learning and conditioning.

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8
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Focuses not just on behavior, but on on mental processes and internal mental states.

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9
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans and rejects that psychology should focus on problems and disorders.

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10
Q

The Five Psychological Domains

A
  1. Biological
  2. Cognitive
  3. Developmental
  4. Social and personality
  5. Mental and Physical
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11
Q

Biopsychology

A

Explores how our biology influences behavior. The fields of behavioral neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, and neuropsychology are all subfields of biological psychology.

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12
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Explores how human behavior evolved.

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13
Q

Sensation and perception

A

Research is interdisciplinary, but there is a focus on the physiological aspects of sensory systems, as well as in the psychological experience of sensory information.

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14
Q

The Cognitive Domain

A

Focuses on thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions
Studies language, cognition, memory, intelligence, and more

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15
Q

The Developmental Domain

A

Includes behavioral psychology and learning/conditioning
Classical and operant conditioning
Developmental Psychology is the scientific study of development across a lifespan
Stages and milestones of development

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16
Q

Social psychology

A

is the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others

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17
Q

Personality psychology

A

is the study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique

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18
Q

personality trait

A

a consistent pattern of thought and behavior

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19
Q

Abnormal psychology

A

focuses on abnormal thoughts and behaviors

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20
Q

Clinical psychology

A

focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior

21
Q

Health psychology

A

focuses on how health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

22
Q

Industrial-Organizational psychology

A

applies psychological theories, principles, and research findings in industrial and organizational settings.

23
Q

Forensic psychology

A

applies the science and practice of psychology to the justice system.

24
Q

Sport and exercise psychology

A

focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities

25
Q

first department of psychology

A

Calcutta university established the first department of psychology in 1915 under
the leadership of Dr N.N Sengupta,

26
Q

Dr N.N Sengupta,

A

who had worked under Professor Hugo
Munsterberg, a former student of Wundt.

27
Q

pioneer of psychoanalysis

A

Dr Girindra Shekhar Bose, who succeeded Dr N.N Sengupta at the Calcutta
University

28
Q

Indian Psychoanalytical Society,

A

1922 he established the Indian Psychoanalytical Society, affiliated to
the International Psychoanalytic Association.

29
Q

Indian Council of Social Science and Research

A

12 December 1968

30
Q

Counselling Psychology

A

Montfort 1st college

31
Q

Science is based on

A
  1. Knowledge of facts
  2. Developing theories
  3. Testing hypothesis
  4. Public and repeated procedures
32
Q

Facts

A

objective - viewed by others, observable, most observes agree are true

33
Q

Theory

A

A set of ideas that explain the facts and make predictions on new facts

34
Q

Hypothesis

A

The prediction on new facts can be varified or falsified

35
Q

Descriptive study

A
  1. Describes a set of facts
  2. Does not look for relationship between facts
  3. Does not predict what may influence facts
  4. May or may not have numerical data
36
Q

Correlation study

A
  1. Collects sets of facts organised into 2 more categories
  2. Examines the relationships amongst categories and facts
  3. Does not prove causation, may have unmeasured common factor
37
Q

Experiments

A

Direct way to test hypothesis between factors (variables)

38
Q

Independent variable

A

The controlled factor, hythothesized to cause effect on other variable

39
Q

Dependent variable

A

The measured facts, hypothesized to be affected

40
Q

Within Subject experiment

A

Different levels of independent variable to same subject

41
Q

Between group experiments

A

different levels of the independent variable are applied to different groups of subjects

42
Q

Random Sample

A

Every member of the group should have equal chance of being selected for experiment

43
Q

Random Assignment

A

Every member of the group should have equal chances of being in the control or experimental group

44
Q

Why randomisation?

A

Helps to avoid false results

45
Q

Lab

A

a setting desgined for research, uniform conditions for all subjects, permits elimination of irrelavant factors, may seem artifical

46
Q

Field research

A

beahviour in real world setting
poor control over conditions
morr representative of reality

47
Q

Self report

A

procedures in which people describe their behaviour or mental state

48
Q

Observational

A

researchers directly observe and record behavior rather than relying on subject description

Introduction to Psychology (4 decks)

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