Module 1 Flashcards
What are the two descriptions of bucket capacities?
Heaped and Struck
The maximum capacity of the bucket with material heaped above the edges
Heaped capacity
The capacity of a bucket filled to the level of the rim- water carrying capacity
Struck capacity
The factor used to compensate for the swell of soil volume
Load factor
The formula for load factor is
bank volume /bank volume+swell %
The formula for compacted volume of material is
Bank Volume -shrinkage%=compacted CY volume
A ____________ roller is effective in compacting a wide trench that has no crosslines
Sheepsfoot
A __________ roller is effective in a narrow trench and for compacting around crosslines
Hoe- mounted vibratory
A ________ is a small stake driven into the ground to identify a reference point
Hub
The distance shown on the reference stake is a horizontal distance from the hub to the ______ or ________ to begin
Cut or fill
_________ rise is expressed in units compared to a _________ distance of 100 units
Vertical and Horizontal
a 5% slope will rise 5 vertical feet in a horizontal distance of 100 ft
A __________ angle is a 100% slope
45
if the rise is equal to the run, the slope is 100%
To calculate slope as a percent, divide_______ by the the ___________
Vertical rise by the horizontal distance
The level of the underground water is known as the ___________
Water table
The water table varies in depth from ____________
Season to season
Groundwater creates problems for the utility contractor as it ________
Creates unstable soil that is dangerous to work in and cannot be used as backfill
A ________ can be used to lower the groundwater table in bad groundwater conditions
well point system
A _____ is the length of a trench a backhoe can excavate in one position
Set
A set can be further broken down into ____________
Digging cycles
To calculate the time required to excavate a set divide_______
Volume of dirt in set/dirt removed per cycle= digging cycles per set
Digging cycles per set Average cycle time= time required to excavate a set
To calculate backhoe production rates, the ________ of the bucket must be considered
Heaped capacity
The two most common methods of compaction are ____ and _____
Puddling (water settling- washed gravel or sand) and a combination of weight and vibration
________ is the easiest compaction method
Puddling
Manholes are used to _______
Change direction of Iines and at intersections of lines from different directions
Push scrapers are used on _________
extremely large earth moving projects
A self loading scraper is more productive in hard or muddy soil when assisted ________
By a dozer pushing on the push blocks at the rear of the bowl
Road graders work to very close tolerances and are used primarily for _______
trimming the cut and fill area and processing material
______________ is the hardest part of a graders work
Finish blading
_______ can be used for light clearing and grubbing, maintaining haul roads and finish grading
Graders
__________ uses are residential/commercial foundations, fine grading, trench backfill, landscaping, light logging, swamp dozing
Light utility dozer
________ dozer applications include trench backfill, logging, road building, land leveling, light duty ripping, tree and stump removal, and short distance production dozing
Mid-sized production
_______ dozer applications include production dozing, ripping, push scrapper work and road building
Heavyweight
If a dozer operator does not lift, tilt and angle the blade properly most of the load ______
will be lost before getting to its destination
_______ convert engine power and machine weight more efficiently than rubber tires on dirt surfaces
Crawler tracks
A _____ will work in soft soil while a ____ will bog down
track dozer ; wheeled machine
There are two common dozer blade positions ________ and _________
Dozing position- blade at 90 degrees to the line of travel and angle dozing position
Whenever possible, align the the direction of dozer travel with the ___
Blade dump area
Rows of spoil created by part of a load lost off the blade of a dozer are called _______
windrows
You can reduce the amount of load lost while dozing by _________
slot dozing
“A” blade dozing allows the dozer to ___________
sidecast material and position it at 90 degrees to the line of travel
A ________ grade is an uphill slope
Positive
A _______ grade is a downhill slope
Negative
The blade load capacity of a dozer _____ when a load is pushed down a negative slope of 40 degrees
Doubles
The blade load capacity of a dozer _____ when a load is pushed up a positive slope of 40 degrees
Is cut in half
The contractor shall submit a blasting plan to the engineer within _______ after each shot.
24 hours after
_________ is a condition of wrinkling, bubbling or ridging turf following installation
Buckling
The test for septic systems to determine the soil is ________
Perk test (percolation test)
_________ is the loosening of soil
Swell
