Module 1

Question 1

What are the five heirarchial scales of a statistical study design?

Answer 1

• sampling unit
• sample
• observation
• statistical population
• population of interest

*from smallest to largest

Question 2

which is often larger statistical population or population of interest?

Answer 2

population of interest

Question 3

What is sampling unit?

Answer 3

the scale at which you are selecting things at random

Question 4

What is a sample?

Answer 4

the collection of all sampling units that were selected

Question 5

What is a statistical population?

Answer 5

The collection of all sampling units that could be selected to be in your sample, defined by study design

Question 6

What is the population of interest?

Answer 6

The population that you hope to draw a conclusion about, defined by your research question

Question 7

what are observation units?

Answer 7

the unit from which you directly collect data, sometimes the same as the sampling unit (but could also be differnet).

Question 8

What is a measurement variable?

Answer 8

The type of data you are collecting

Question 9

what is the measurement unit?

Answer 9

The scale of the measurement variable

Question 10

If the data is categorical is there a measuring unit?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what is descriptive statistics?

Answer 11

is the set of tools used to describes the data in your sample. This includes calculating quantitative descriptions (e.g., average values) and creating graphs

Question 12

what is inferential statistics?

Answer 12

is the set of tools used to say something about the statistical population based on your sample. This includes things like confidence intervals and statistical tests.

Question 13

How is the overall framework of statistics separated?

Answer 13

• sampling: step of creating study design and collecting samples
• measuring: taking measurements from your observations units, which gives you the data which to work
• calculating descriptive statistics: describe the data in your sample
• calculating inferential statistics: use the information contained in your data to draw a conclusion about the statistical population

Question 14

Difference between descriptivea and inferential statistics?

Answer 14

• DS: used to characterize the data you collected
• IS: used to draw conclusions about the statistical population

Question 15

What happens when there are multiple groups within a statistical population in regards to descriptive and inferential statistics?

Answer 15

• DS: used to characterize the sample data for each group
• IS: used to make broader statements about each group in the contect of the statistical poopulation, and to make statements about the differences among the groups

the descriptive statistics are repeated for each group, while IS is only done once