Module 1 Flashcards
What are the three components of a managers job?
Technical - Efficient use of resources to achieve output goals and the application of technology to achieve productivity goals (reduces a manager grows in an organisation)
Conceptual - Development of new systems and methods of operation
Human - Concern with employee welfare
What are the seven key features of a managers job?
- Managing individual performance (supervising)
- Instructing subordinates (teaching and training)
- Represent one’s staff (representation and advocacy)
- Managing group performance (facilitation)
- Planning and allocating resources (decision-making)
- Coordinating independent groups (collaboration)
- Monitoring the business environment (scanning)
What are managers future challenges of the 21 century
- Encourage the development of subordinates and their work teams
- Training and employee development are continuous to achieve the goal of a flexible and cross-trained workforce
- Merit-based individual and team contributions to competitive advantage
- Technical, interpersonal, and organizational expertise
- Diffusion-based so that the information goes rapidly to where the decision has to be made
- Team-based and participative
- Embrace change and find ways to improve strategic, competitive process
What is the SOBC model of employee behaviour?
Stimulus
Organisation
Behaviour and Actions
Consequences or outcomes
Outline the difference between instrumental and terminal values?
Instrumental values: are the means to achieve goals by using acceptable behavior to achieve an end state. Examples are: Ambition, Competence, Cleanliness, Courage, Self-control, Forgiving Nature, etc.
Terminal values: are the goals to be achieved or the appropriateness of a desired end state. Examples are: Achievement, Social status, Wisdom, Equality, Happiness, Inner Calm, Pleasure, etc.
What is locust of control?
The locust of control is defined as individual’s belief that one’s action influence to outcomes one experiences in life. Internalizers believe that they can change the outcome of experiences through their behavior. Externalizers believe that the outcome of experiences lies outside of their control.
Outline the difference between extroversion and introversion?
Extroversion is defined as the need to obtain as much social stimulation as possible from the environment. Introversion is defined as avoidance of external stimulation in favor of internally oriented, contemplative activity.
What are the characteristics of Machiavellian personalities?
- Attempt more interpersonal manipulations
- Are more inventive in manipulating others
- Conceive more manipulations to choose from
- Experience more satisfaction from successful manipulations than others
Define the qualities of employees with a Need for Achievement?
Need for Achievement is defined by the following qualities:
• Taking moderate risks by pursuing goals that are difficult but not impossible
• Needing immediate feedback on performance and progress
• Finding task activities and accomplishments to be intrinsically rewarding, regardless of the financial or economic reward
• Defining work in terms of approaching success instead of avoiding failure
• Being totally task absorbed until the job is done
Define the qualities of employees with a Need for Affiliation?
- Positive reaction to experiences that enhance belongingness, social involvement, and group morale
- Emphasizing that all group members are included in events that may affect the morale and cohesion of the group
- Solving or confronting interpersonal conflicts which threaten the esprit de corps
- Emphasizing the importance of social rewards such as recognition, praise, and public acclaim
- Reacting positively to social rewards which are made contingent on excellent performance
Define the qualities of employees with a Personal Need for Power?
- Reject job responsibilities in favor of personal concerns
- Create tense work relationships among subordinates who become over-anxious
- Are poorly adjusted to work and frequently look to palliatives such as drugs or alcohol to cope with stress
- Project their own inadequacies on to others and thus eroding the work climate even further
Define the qualities of employees with a Socialised Need for Power?
They tend to achieve personal goals at work through raising the self-esteem of subordinates and colleagues.
Job satisfaction is determined by what attitudes?
- Satisfaction with the work itself
- Satisfaction with pay
- Satisfaction with follow workers
- Satisfaction with supervision
- Satisfaction with promotions
Organisational determinants of job satisfaction are?
- Supervision: support of self esteem and self worth, consultation with employees
- Job challenge: design jobs to require creativity, application of personal skills, and risk taking
- Job clarity: understanding of what they are to do, performance feedback, chance to participate in job issues
- Incentives: Extrinsic (pay rise, promotion, praise, status symbols) and intrinsic (experienced internally, e.g. feeling of competence, craftsmanship) rewards
What is Equity Theory?
Equity Theory: employees make comparisons about the rewards that they receive relative to their efforts and performance levels. Further they make these comparisons relative to rewards, efforts and performance exhibited by other employees.
