Module 1 Flashcards
2 Greek words that the word Philosophy comes from
- philos
- sophia
What does the greek word ‘philos’ mean?
Love
What does the greek word ‘sophia’ mean?
wisdom
What does the word philosophy mean based on its etymology?
The “love of wisdom”
- the ability to make sound judgement
- requires healthy dose of perspective
Wisdom
Differentiate the following statements:
1. Tomato is a fruit
2. Knowing not to put tomato in fruit salad
3. Is ketchup considered as a fruit shake?
- Knowledge
- Wisdom
- Philosophy
There is a framework to make sense of the problem
Discipline
Philosophy is the matter of _______ ?
Human & Natural Sciences
3 Characteristics of Philosophy
- Discipline
- Framework
- Examination of Knowledge
This is acquired through learning education
Knowledge
Which country is known as the birthplace of Philosophy in the West?
Greece
- Father of Philosophy
- A mathematician
- Reduce multiplicity to unity
Thales of Miletus
What did Thales of Miletus believe in?
He believed that there is “one in a many”
- A person who is awake
- Sanskrit word
Buddah
Enumerate the notable ancient Greek philosophers
- Pythagoras
- Heraclitus
- Democritus
- Diogenes of Sinope
- Epicurus
- Socrates
- Plato
- Aristotle
- Pythagorean theorem
- 570 BCE to 495 BCE
- Pythagoras
- 535 BCE to 475 BCE
- logos
- “No man steps in the same river twice,”
Heraclitus
- 460 BCE to 370 BCE
- natural phenomenon
- atoms
Democritus
- 412 BCE to 323 BCE
- Simplicity
- Vocal Critic of Plato & Aristotle
- School of philosophy
- Cynicism & Stoicism
Diogones of Sinope
- 341 BCE to 270 BCE
- Epicureanism
> Wisdom and simple living results in a life free of fear
Epicurus
- 470 BCE to 399 BCE
- Contribution to the field of Ethics
- “wise”, “midwife”
- formulated the Socratic Method
Socrates
- 427 BCE to 347 BCE
- Theory of Forms
- Dialectic
- Most famous philosopher in ancient times
Plato
- 384 BCE to 322 BCE
- Was a student of Plato
- Deductive reasoning
Aristotle
Wisdom and simple living results in a life free of fear
Epicureanism
Everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan
logos
A means of examining a topic by designing a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic
Socratic Method
A method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge
Dialectic
Proposes that everything that exists is based on an idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind
Theory of Forms
3 Branches of Philosophy
- Ethics
- Politics
- Aesthetics
What is deductive reasoning?
General to specific
Branch of Philosophy that is all about learning
Cognitive Branches
What are the cognitive branches of Philosophy?
- Epistemology
- Metaphysics
- Logic
Nature of knowledge and knowing
Epistemology
- Questions regarding reality and existence
- Ex. How was the universe created?
Metaphysics
Deals with correct reasoning
Logic
Branch of philosophy that deals with the standard of the good
Normative Branches
Enumerate the normative branches of philosophy
- Ethics
- Politics
- Aesthetics
- from Greek word “ethos” meaning “character”
- science of correct doing (what is right and wrong)
Ethics
Wrongdoings are considered as…
Being unethical
- Looks at society and people working as a whole
- Questions of justice
Politics
- Beauty & what makes things beautiful
Aesthetics
Enumerate the practical applications of Philosophy
- Allows people to engage in critical analysis
- Improves problem-solving
- Wisdom - ability to apply knowdge in real life
way of thinking about the world and is composed of views and beliefs of a person
Framework
could lead the person to come up with something that provides solution
Framework
The principles of philosophy can also be used as an Examination of knowledge of other disciplines or particular areas of knowledge in the long run
Examination of Knowledge
He live Between 644-546 BCE a contemporary of the legion king crisis and statesman
Thales of Miletus
“Rule your world or it will rule you. With our thoughts, we make the world.” Who said this?
Buddha
Foundations of understanding any philosophical system
cognitive branches
- deals with the nature of thinking and reasoning uses empirical support and information which are reliable valid and objective
- the art of thinking
Logic
- The definition of knowledge and related concepts such as horses and criteria of knowledge
- The Theory of knowledge
Epistemology
- concerned with the nature of ultimate reality
Metaphysics
- concerned with the standard of good
- concerned with what ought to be
Normative Branches
The science of correct doing. The study of what is right and what is wrong in human behavior in the pursuit of beauty and goodness of life
Ethics
It is technology of philosophy because it tell us human beings ought to functions as human being
Ethics
Body of knowledge thats look up on the society
Political
Concerned with the essence of perceptions objectives
Aesthetics
emphasizes philosophy, logic and deductive reason as Source of insight
Rational Psychology
whenever we are confronted with an
experience, we always wonder how it came about
- man’s overbounding curiosity drives him to ask questions,
some of which have no definite answers
Sense of Wonder
Descartes’ method of examining ideas and perspectives
became the basis of critical thinking and analysis in the sciences
- example: a scientific hypothesis must first be tested and
verified before it is accepted as ‘truth’
Doubt
man is often confronted by
experiences which challenge his ideas and framework which he
called LIMIT SITUATIONS accompanied by feelings of
helplessness, anxiety an dread
Experience
- these are questions that examine
personal ideas regarding correctness and values - questions dealing with our own correctness and values which
can be addressed by our own personal frameworks
Internal Questions
– seek to question the very framework upon which people base their own beliefs and views
External Questions
– is examination and
questioning ( inquiring nature ), and this is often applied in the
analysis of the frameworks of other areas or sciences
Central Principle in Philosophy
one intended product of philosophizing because it’s
an ability to discern inner qualities and relationships
Wisdom
an activity that requires a person to EXAMINE
his thoughts, feelings and actions and learn from EXPERIENCE
- allows you an opportunity to THINK MORE DEEPLY about
your action, your motivations for doing such an action and even
its POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES
Reflection
