Lesson 2

Question 1

Clear awareness and understanding of something

Answer 1

Knowledge

Question 2

Propositions observed to be real/truthful

Answer 2

Facts

Question 3

Statements not evidently known to be true

Answer 3

Claim

Question 4

5 Perspectives on Truth

Answer 4

1. Justified or proven through yhe use of senses
2. Based on facts
3. Getting consensus/common belief
4. Prove statement through action
5. Claims & beliefs should be tested

Question 5

Go beyond providing facts, provide conclusions/perspective

Answer 5

Opinions

Question 6

Judgement based on certain facts

Answer 6

Conclusions

Question 7

Statements expressing convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts

Answer 7

Beliefs

Question 8

Statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why they are true

Answer 8

Explanation

Question 9

Series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim is truthful

Answer 9

Arguments

Question 10

Branch of Philosophy that focuses on the analysis of arguments

Answer 10

Logic

Question 11

Do Philosophers not assume that everything is true?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Drives our desire to discover truth

Answer 12

Doubt

Question 13

• Applied by philosophers
• Follows a process
• Scrutinized and analyzed

Answer 13

Systematic Doubt

Question 14

Difference between the following statements:

1. I am a Filipino.
2. Am I a Filipino?

Answer 14

1. Statement
2. Doubt

Question 15

Statements about the world or
reality. It may or may not carry the truth. It
usually started as short statements or sentences.

Answer 15

Prepositions

Question 16

the clear awareness and
understanding of something. The product of
questions that allow clear answers provided by
facts.

Answer 16

Knowledge

Question 17

Propositions which are observed to be
real or truthful.

Answer 17

Facts

Question 18

Statements that are not evidently known
to be true. Statements that need further
examination to establish whether it is true or
false.

Answer 18

Claim

Question 19

What are the perspectives on truth?

Answer 19

1.If it can be justified or proven through the use
of one’s senses.
2.If it is based on facts.
3.Getting consensus or having people agree on a
common belief.
4. Requires a person to prove a statement
through an action.
5. Claims and beliefs should be subjected to
tests to determine truth.

Question 20

It go beyond providing facts. They
provide conclusions or perspective.

Answer 20

Opinions

Question 21

A judgment based on certain
facts.

Answer 21

Conclusions

Question 22

statements that expresses convictions that are not easily and clearly
explained by facts.

Answer 22

Beliefs

Question 23

statements that assume the
claim to be true and provide reasons why the
statements are true.

Answer 23

Explanations

Question 24

series of statements that
provide reasons to convince the reader or
listener that a claim is truthful.

Answer 24

Arguments

Question 25

the branch of Philosophy that focuses
on the analysis of arguments.

Answer 25

Logic

Question 26

Arguments that are based on faulty
reasoning. Some of it may be intentional.

Answer 26

Fallacy

Question 27

attacking the person presenting the argument instead of the
argument itself.

Answer 27

Ad Hominem

Question 28

using the threat of force
or an undesirable event to advance an
argument

Answer 28

Appeal to Force

Question 29

using emotions such
as pity or sympathy

Answer 29

Appeal to Emotion

Question 30

the idea is
presented as acceptable because a lot of
people accept it

Answer 30

Appeal to Popular

Question 31

the idea is
acceptable because it has been true for
a long time

Answer 31

Appeal to Tradition

Question 32

assuming the
thing or idea to proven is true

Answer 32

Begging the Question or Circular Argument

Question 33

assuming a cause
and effect relationship between unrelated events

Answer 33

Cause-and-Effect

Question 34

assuming that
what is true of a part is true for the whole

Answer 34

Fallacy of a Composition

Question 35

assuming that what
is true for the whole is true for its parts

Answer 35

Fallacy of Division

Question 36

personal view of the person
presenting it.

Answer 36

Bias

Question 37

tendency to judge a person’s
personality by his actions.

Answer 37

Correspondence bias or attribution effect

Question 38

look for and readily
accept information which fits one;s own
beliefs or rejects the ideas that go
against it

Answer 38

Confirmation bias

Question 39

focusing on a certain aspect of
a problem while ignoring other aspects

Answer 39

Framing

Question 40

tendency to see past events
as predictable/ pattern to historical
events

Answer 40

Hindsight

Question 41

a person or group is
connected or vested interest in the issue
being discussed

Answer 41

Conflict of Interest

Question 42

analyzing an event based
on one;s cultural standard

Answer 42

Cultural Bias