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Intro to Evolution & Medicine > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fitness

A

The expected reprodcutive success of an individual with specific traits relative to other members of the population

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2
Q

In a group of beetles, with a variety of colors. The red beetles have higher acidity levels than the yellow beetles. What is the variation?

A

The acidity levels

the red beetles are more acidic increasing their survival rates

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3
Q

What does Natural selection NOT optimize?

A

Health & longevity

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4
Q

Bioterrorism

A

Attack by releasing bacteria

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5
Q

How are mutations typos?

A

No purpose or directions

Most don’t impove work

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6
Q

Specitation

A

When a species can no longer can mate or produce viable offspring with the species.

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7
Q

allopatric

A

Differnt father because of different geological locations

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8
Q

What does FGFR3 stand for?

A

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3

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9
Q

In achondroplasia what happens to the receptor when the Glycine gets swapped out for Argine

A

it’s always on

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10
Q

FGFR 3 Function

A

Codes for its portein which slows does the growth of certain bones

Inhibits bone growth

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11
Q

List the diagnosises of Achondroplasia

A

Prenatal Ultrasound
DNA test
Skeletal Survey

3.) Series of X-rays

1.Skull width–> femur length higher than normal
3.Series of X-rays

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12
Q

Acromegaly

A

Pituitary tumor produces too much growth hormone

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13
Q

Medels 1st Law

A

Principel of segregation

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14
Q

What is the principal of segregation

A

2 Members of a gene pair segregate from each other in the formation of gametes

allels

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15
Q

Father of Modern Genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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16
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Enlargment of an organ or tisse from an increase in size of its cell

people with Acromegaly end with this

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17
Q

Hypotrophy

A

Degeneration of an organ tissue cause by loss of cells

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18
Q

Genotype

A

the genetic consitution of an organism while

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19
Q

Phenotype

A

a set of obervable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotyoe with the environmet

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20
Q

Hemogoblin

A

Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

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21
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Tissues exposed to very high levels of iron

22
Q

Treatment of Hemochromatosis

A

Phlebotomy

23
Q

Mendels 2nd law

A

Principle of independent assortment

24
Q

Explain prinicple of independent assortment

A

Gene for differnt traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes

Genes for hair colordiff than eye color

25
Q

List the Base pairs

A

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine & Thymine

26
Q

Deoxyrinbonucleic Acid

A

Hereditary Material

27
Q

Location of Deoxyrinbonucleic Acid

A

In the nucleus

A little in the Mitocondria

28
Q

What makes up a Nucleotide?

A

Base, sugar & phosphate

29
Q

What base pair goes with Adenine?

A

Thymine

30
Q

What base pair goes with Cytosine

A

Guanine

31
Q

Each base pair is connected to a ____ molecule & ____ molecule

A

Sugar & phosphate

32
Q

2 nucleotides form a ____

A

Double Helix

33
Q

Purines

A

Adenine and Guanine

34
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Thymine & Cytosine

35
Q

SNP stand for

A

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

36
Q

What is 2x more common transitions or transversions?

A

Transitions

37
Q

Synonymous Mutations

A

No impact on amino acids

Silent Mutation

38
Q

Non-synonymous Mutations

A

Changes the amino acid sequence

39
Q

Nonsens mutation

A

Tells amino acids to stop coding

40
Q

Autosomes

A

22 chromosome pairs out of the 46

41
Q

What did Mendel figure out?

A

Chromosomes come from mom and dad

42
Q

T or F
Most chromosomal abnormalities are compatible with life

A

False

43
Q

Down Syndorme

A

Trisomy of Chromosome 21

44
Q

Trisomy

A

3 of the same chromosome

45
Q

Cri-du-Chat Syndrome

A

Deletion of Chromosome 5

46
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

Loss of 2 sex chromosome

Only have 1 X chromosome

47
Q

Is turner syndrome inherited or a mutation?

A

Mutation

48
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome

A

Having multiple or incorrect number of sex chromosomes

XXY

49
Q

Causes of Klinefelter Syndrome

A

Dad passes an X & Y
or
Mom passes 2 Xs

50
Q

Who was Richard Specks?

A

A mass murder who murdered and tortured 8 nursing students

51
Q

What did Richard Specks Lawyer argue?

Superman defense

A

That because of his acne and height he probably has XYY syndrome (he didn’t)

At the time they believed XYY made a person more aggressive

52
Q

Triple X

A

When a person has three X chromosomes

Intro to Evolution & Medicine (2 decks)

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