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HEMA LEC > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Process of production, differentiation, morphogenesis, functional maturation, proliferation & death of cellular elements of blood.

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

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2
Q

Major site of hematopoiesis

A

bone marrow

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3
Q

hematopoiesis occurs in what organs

A

bone marrow
liver
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes

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4
Q

before rbc mature and be released they are called what?

A

precursor or progenitor cell

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5
Q

before rbc mature and be released they are called what?

A

precursor or progenitor cell

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6
Q

myeloid stem cells and normally are only produced in the bone marrow, t/f?

A

true

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7
Q

induced by extracellular forces such as lethal, chemical, biological, or physical events

A

Necrosis

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8
Q

after the blood cell would reach its normal lifespan, it would undergo ____

A

apoptosis

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9
Q

signal for death of cell

A

apoptosis

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10
Q

single progenitor cell

A

pluripotential stem cell

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11
Q

Stochastic

A

Till & McCulloch Model

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12
Q

Capable of self-renewal

A

stem cell

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13
Q

maturation of one cell to another

A

Differentiation

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14
Q

2 identical daughter cells differentiate

A

symmetric

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15
Q

1 return to stem cell pool another differentiates or undergo apoptosis

A

asymmetric

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16
Q

Appears in the Yolk Sac

A

Mesenchymal

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17
Q

Appears in the Liver (Major Organ), Spleen , Kidney, Thymus, Lymph Nodes

A

Hepatic

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18
Q

give 2 Primitive Hematopoiesis

A

Hepatic
Myeloid

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19
Q

minimal erythropoietic activity also in the hepatic period

A

nucleated macrocytic RBCs

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20
Q

Pre dominant hemoglobin during this phase -hepatic phase

A

Hemoglobin F (Fetal Hemoglobin)

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21
Q

RBC volume less than 80 fl

A

microcytic

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22
Q

Only normal site after the first 3 weeks postpartum

A

Bone Marrow

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22
Q

Only normal site after the first 3 weeks postpartum

A

Bone Marrow

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23
Q

Replaced the fatty reserve (Yellow Marrow or Adipocytes) in shaft of long bones

A

4th yr of life

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24
Q

Peripheral blood/ smear should not be seen in them.

A

4th day of age of babies

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25
Q

Represents a weight of tissue at least equal to the weight of the liver that is 1300 - 1500 grams.

A

Adult Bone Marrow

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26
Q

needs are met by mitotic division of the young cells

A

Homoplastic Hematopoiesis

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26
Q

need that the young cells undergoes mitotic division as well as proliferation of the younger precursors

A

Heteroplastic Hematopoiesis

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27
Q

profound defect in the maturation of all formed elements

A

Dyspoiesis

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28
Q

Formation of blood cells outside the bone marrow

A

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

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29
Q

Age of newborn that needs to undergo hematopoiesis

A

3 WEEKS

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29
Q

Can be found on the surface of the immune cells or the WBCs

A

cd 38

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30
Q

HLA-DR

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen D R Isotope

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31
Q

CD71

A

Erythroid Differentiation

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32
Q

CD33, CD34

A

Myeloid Differentiation

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33
Q

CD10, CD19

A

5-lymphoid Differentiation

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34
Q

Abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow, divide more that normal

A

neoplastic cells

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35
Q

needed for the maturation and development of blood cells.

A

growth factors

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36
Q

maturation, differentiation, and development of the blood cells could not continue or will not be successful without

A

adhesion molecules

37
Q

A phenomenon in which a single leukos effect 2 or more unrelated phenotypic traits

A

Pleiotropy

38
Q

EX. OF CYTOKINES

A

Interleukins
Lymphokines
Monokines
Interferons
Chemokines
Colony-stimulating factors

39
Q

Also known as immune regulation

A

B-transforming growth factor

40
Q

Regulator of inflammatory response

A

A-tumor necrosis factor

41
Q

Proteins that interfere

A

Interferons

42
Q

____ billion erythrocytes

A

2.5

43
Q

1 billion granulocytes

A

1 per 1000 nucleated blood cells

44
Q

REGULATION OF STEM CELL DEVELOPMENT

A

Granulopoiesis
Erythropoiesis
Megakaryopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis

45
Q

Parasitic Infections

A

eosinophils

46
Q

allergic reactions

A

Basophils

47
Q

Glycoprotein hormone

A

Erythropoietin

48
Q

The biggest cell in bone marrow

A

Megakaryocyte

49
Q

Nucleus is bi-lobed (headphone shape)

A

Eosinophils

50
Q

Nucleus’ shape is a horseshoe or bean shaped

A

Monocyte

51
Q

process in the increase in the number of nucleus in the megakaryocyte

A

“endomitosis

52
Q
  • nucleus is lobulated and segmented
A

neutrophil

53
Q

clover-leaf appearance

A

basophil

54
Q

Fine to highly clumped pattern

A

Granulocytes

55
Q

Smooth or heterogeneous pattern throughout development

A

Lymphocytes

56
Q

Lacy pattern to finer

A

Monocytes

57
Q

From darker blue to lighter blue or pink

A

cytoplasm

58
Q

Very distinctive dark-blue cytoplasm paler and gray-looking as it synthesize Hb

A

Erythrocytes

59
Q

Types of Granulation

A

Azurophilic
Secondary Granulation
Tertiary Granulation

60
Q

Distinctive variation in shape of cytoplasm in ff:

A

Leukocytes blast
Megakaryocytes
Mature monocytes

61
Q

bone marrow is located in

A

the cavities of the cortical bones: trabecular bone

62
Q

composed of adipocytes

A

Yellow Marrow

63
Q

there is a replacement between the yellow marrow and red marrow. As we age, red marrow is being replaced by yellow marrow or adipocytes or fat cells.

A

Retrogression

64
Q

covers the bone

A

Periosteum

65
Q

_____ of body weight

A

3.4% to 5.9%

66
Q

Network of arterioles emptying into venous sinusoids draining into central collecting vein

A

Vascular system

66
Q

Network of arterioles emptying into venous sinusoids draining into central collecting vein

A

Vascular system

67
Q

acts as “suckling pigs”

A

Erythropoietic islands

68
Q

Subjacent to sinus endothelium

A

Megakaryocytes

69
Q

Broad flat cells forming single layer along inner surface of sinuses

A

Endothelial cells

70
Q

Large cell with single flat vacuole
Secrete cytokine or GFs
Regulate marrow volume

A

Fat cells of adipocytes

71
Q

Heparinocytes or tissue basophils
Normally infrequent in the bone marrow

A

Mast cells

72
Q

Center of leukopoiesis

A

Reticular adventitial cells

73
Q

Bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

74
Q

Bone-resorbing cells

A

Osteoclasts

75
Q

decrease of rbcs

A

Anemias

76
Q

decrease of wbcs

A

Leucopenia

77
Q

(Increase of wbcs

A

leukocytosis

78
Q

decrease of platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

79
Q

Used for both aspiration & core biopsy

A

Posterior superior iliac crest (spine) of the pelvis

80
Q

Preferred for patients who can only lie supine

A

Anterior superior iliac crest (spine) of the pelvis

81
Q

Used if the site of suspicious lesion

A

Spinous process of the vertebrae (L3), ribs & others

82
Q

Children younger than age 2
Used only for aspiration
bm collection sites:

A

Proximal end of tibial bone/ anterior medial surface

83
Q

Examined to identify types & proportions of hematologic cells

A

ASPIRATE - BM ASPIRATION

84
Q

Usually it is crush using sa slide or cover slip

A

Touch Imprint

85
Q

<24 hours prior collection

A

Peripheral blood for CBC and blood film examination

86
Q

Bony spicules placed on in between slides or coverslips creating rectangular smears

A

CRUSH SMEARS

87
Q

1.5 mL of K3 EDTA anticoagulated marrow

A

CONCENTRATE SMEARS

88
Q

he bone marrow has 30-70% hematopoietic cells

A

Normocellular

89
Q

The bone marrow has few or no hematopoietic cells

A

Aplastic

90
Q

Abnormal, often molded cell clusters (syncytia)

A

Metastatic tumor cells or lymphoblasts

91
Q

More sharply defined margins

A

Myelocytic and erythrocytic cells

92
Q

M:E ratio

A

1.5: 1 to 3.3 : 1

93
Q

Increases with increase neutrophil production during INFLAMMATION

A

Myeloid Erythroid Ratio

HEMA LEC (2 decks)

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