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Medical SLP > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Standard Precautions:
the old term ?

includes: 
hand ? 
use of ? 
-changing gloves between procedures with the same patient when ? 
use of a ? 
properly ? equipment 
handle ... carefully 
proper handling of
A

universal precautions

hand washing/hygiene

  • gloves when chance of coming into contact with blood or bodily fluids
  • potentially infectious material handled
  • gown when chance of coming into contact with blood or bodily fluids
  • utilize, clean, disinfect patient care equipment
  • sharps and needles
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2
Q 
Multidrug resistant organisms: 
these are ? bacteria 
-these organisms have become? 
-some new drugs have become available for? however? 
infections with these organisms are associated with: 
1. increased 
2. increased 
3. increased
A

microscopic organisms

  • resistant to treatment by one or more drugs
  • treatment of some of these / some resistance to new drugs has also emerged
  • length of hospital stay
  • cost of treatment
  • mortality risk
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3
Q 
These organisms can cause: 
-
-
-
-
A

UTI
pneumonia
blood infections
wound infections

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4
Q

Common MDROs:
1.

    • lives in ?
A

Methcillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: gram positive bacteria (MRSA)

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: VRE
-intestines and on skin and usually does not cause problem

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5
Q

Transmission precautions:

utilized in addition to ? for patients with ?

A

standard precautions /known or suspected infections that require additional measures to prevent spread

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6
Q

Droplet Precautions:
for patients with known or suspected infection with a pathogen that is transmitted by ?

wear

patient wears a ? 
patient is placed in ? 
includes: 
-
-
-
A

respiratory droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking

gloves, gown, mask

mask when leaving room

single occupancy room

flu
pertussis (whooping cough)
mumps

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7
Q

Airborne precautions:
for patients with known or suspected infection with ?

includes: 
-
-
-
-
-

negative?

hand?

-
-
specialized ? 
-door ? 
-patient wears ?
A

pathogens transmitted by airborne route

tuberculosis
measles
chickenpox
smallpox
disseminated herpes zoster

pressure room (air filtered directly outside or through specialized filters)

handwashing, gloves, gown

  • mask - N-95 or greater
  • door closed
  • mask if leaving room
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8
Q 
Tuberculosis: 
caused by ? 
bacteria usually attacks the ? but TB bacteria can attack any? 
-not everyone infected with TB becomes? 
as a result two TB-related conditions exist: 
1.
2.
if not treated properly ? 
... exposure 
annual ?
A

a bacteria
-lungs/part of body such as larynx, kidney, spine, and brain
-sick/ latent Tb infection and TB disease
-Tb can be fatal
healthcare worker exposure
-testing/screening

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9
Q 
Clostridium difficile (C. Diff):
typically caused by ? which results in a disruption in the normal ? leading antibiotics are known to ? 
other causes or combos of contributing factors includes: 
... surgery 
-long ? 
-a serious 
-... conditions 
-advanced
A

antibiotic use/intestinal flora which leads to overgrowth of C. difficile bacteria in colon/ disrupt normal intestinal flora

  • gastrointestinal surgery
  • length of stay in healthcare settings
  • underlying illness
  • immunocompromising conditions
  • age
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10
Q 
C. Diff: can lead to 
-
-
-
-
-
A 
pseudomembranous colitis 
toxic megacolon 
perforations of colon 
sepsis 
death
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11
Q

Transmission-based precautions (C. Diff)
-.. precautions
note:
alcohol based sanitizer

A

enteric
wash hands with soap and water
does not kill C-diff.

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12
Q

SARS-CoV-2:
… spikes
corona means ?
the virus has ?

A

protein
crown in latin
genetic material deep within core

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13
Q 
What is COVID-19: 
a virus that is in the ? 
-there aren't ? 
virus is named
Infection is called
A

corona virus family

  • 18 other corona viruses (19 for year)
  • SARS CoV-2
  • COVID-19
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14
Q 
Corona Viruses: 
there are many different 
these viruses cause 
the illnessess include: 
-the common 
-? 
-?
A

corona viruses
illnessess in people and animals
-common cold
-SARS-COV (severe acute respiratory syndrome -2003)
-Middle East Respiratory syndrome: MERS-COV (2012)

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15
Q 
The impact: 
patients and their loved ones
-the 
-the 
-consider 
health care providers
physical ? 
-
-
....
Non-COVID-19 patients and their loved ones
-impact on
A

PPE
isolation
baseline hearing impairment and cognitive impairment

impact (PPE, fatigue)
psychological

palliative care

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16
Q

CDC info on COVID-19 transmission
SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted by exposure to ?
-principal mode is through exposure to ?

exposure occurs in 3 ways

  1. inhalation of ?
  2. deposition of ? on exposed ?
  3. touching ? either directly by ? or indirectly by ?
A

infectious respiratory fluids
respiratory fluids carrying infectious virus

  1. very fine respiratory droplets and aerosol particles
  2. respiratory droplets and particles/ mucous membranes in mouth, nose, or eye by direct splashes and sprays
  3. mucous membranes with hands that have been soiled/ virus-containing respiratory fluids/ touching surfaces with virus on them
17
Q

People release respiratory fluids during ? in the form of droplets across a ?

these droplets carry ? and transmit ?

  • the largest droplets ?
  • the smallest droplets and aerosol particles formed when these fine droplets rapdily dry, are small enough that they can ?
A

exhalation / spectrum of sizes

virus/ infection

settle out of the air rapidly

remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours

18
Q

Transmission from inhalation in the air farther than 6 feet can ?

  • indoors for ?
  • and in some cases to people who have passed through space ?

per published reports factors that increase risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection under these circumstances include:

  1. enclosed spaces with ?
  2. increased ?
  3. prolonged?
A

occur

  • extended time
  • soon after infectious person left

inadequate ventilation or air handling
exhalation (physical exertion or raising voice)
exposure typically more than 15 minutes

19
Q 
Aerosol Generating Procedures: 
commonly performed medical procedures that are often considered ? or that create ?
-open 
-.. induction 
-cardiopulmonary 
-endotracheal 
-non-invasive 
-....
-manual 
-based on limited available data it is uncertain whether aerosols generated from some procedures may be infectious such as: 
.... administration 
high flow
A

AGPs/ uncontrolled respiratory secretions:

  • suctioning of airways
  • induction
  • resuscitation
  • intubation/extubation
  • ventilation (BiPAP, CPAP)
  • bronchoscopy
  • ventilation

nebulizer administration
high flow O2 delivery

20
Q 
Aerosol Generating Procedures - SLP 
for SLPs , consider Aerosol generation with: 
clinical 
modified 
...
could include: 
vigorous 
expectoration of 
presence of a
A

swallowing evals
MBSS
FEES

coughing
secretions
tracheostomy

21
Q 
SARS CoV-2: 
the protein spikes on this virus detect ? 
the virus uses ACE2 receptors to ? 
some organ cells have greater ? which put those organs are ? and include: 
-
-
-
-
-
-
A

ACE2 receptors found on cells in the host

enter cells of host

expression of ACE2 receptors / greater risk

  1. respiratory tract and lungs
  2. heart
  3. Ileum
  4. esophagus
  5. kidneys
  6. bladder
22
Q 
The impact on SLP service delivery 
Telehealth delivery of care: 
need to ? 
-..
-swallowing -supply 
-... requirements 
need for -
A

set-up care

  • considerations
  • technology (on both sides)
  • family support to deliver services
23
Q

Telehealth: Public Health Emergency first declared by US department of health and human services on 1/27/2020
-provided coverage by medicare for some ?
regulations vary depending on the ?
PHE was extended on ? through?

A

SLP and audiology services via telehealth

service and setting that is providing service

april 16 2022 through july 15 2022

Medical SLP (11 decks)

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