Module 1 Flashcards
Standard Precautions:
the old term ?
includes: hand ? use of ? -changing gloves between procedures with the same patient when ? use of a ? properly ? equipment handle ... carefully proper handling of
universal precautions
hand washing/hygiene
- gloves when chance of coming into contact with blood or bodily fluids
- potentially infectious material handled
- gown when chance of coming into contact with blood or bodily fluids
- utilize, clean, disinfect patient care equipment
- sharps and needles
Multidrug resistant organisms: these are ? bacteria -these organisms have become? -some new drugs have become available for? however? infections with these organisms are associated with: 1. increased 2. increased 3. increased
microscopic organisms
- resistant to treatment by one or more drugs
- treatment of some of these / some resistance to new drugs has also emerged
- length of hospital stay
- cost of treatment
- mortality risk
These organisms can cause: - - - -
UTI
pneumonia
blood infections
wound infections
Common MDROs:
1.
- lives in ?
Methcillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: gram positive bacteria (MRSA)
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: VRE
-intestines and on skin and usually does not cause problem
Transmission precautions:
utilized in addition to ? for patients with ?
standard precautions /known or suspected infections that require additional measures to prevent spread
Droplet Precautions:
for patients with known or suspected infection with a pathogen that is transmitted by ?
wear
patient wears a ? patient is placed in ? includes: - - -
respiratory droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking
gloves, gown, mask
mask when leaving room
single occupancy room
flu
pertussis (whooping cough)
mumps
Airborne precautions:
for patients with known or suspected infection with ?
includes: - - - - -
negative?
hand?
- - specialized ? -door ? -patient wears ?
pathogens transmitted by airborne route
tuberculosis measles chickenpox smallpox disseminated herpes zoster
pressure room (air filtered directly outside or through specialized filters)
handwashing, gloves, gown
- mask - N-95 or greater
- door closed
- mask if leaving room
Tuberculosis: caused by ? bacteria usually attacks the ? but TB bacteria can attack any? -not everyone infected with TB becomes? as a result two TB-related conditions exist: 1. 2. if not treated properly ? ... exposure annual ?
a bacteria
-lungs/part of body such as larynx, kidney, spine, and brain
-sick/ latent Tb infection and TB disease
-Tb can be fatal
healthcare worker exposure
-testing/screening
Clostridium difficile (C. Diff): typically caused by ? which results in a disruption in the normal ? leading antibiotics are known to ?
other causes or combos of contributing factors includes: ... surgery -long ? -a serious -... conditions -advanced
antibiotic use/intestinal flora which leads to overgrowth of C. difficile bacteria in colon/ disrupt normal intestinal flora
- gastrointestinal surgery
- length of stay in healthcare settings
- underlying illness
- immunocompromising conditions
- age
C. Diff: can lead to - - - - -
pseudomembranous colitis toxic megacolon perforations of colon sepsis death
Transmission-based precautions (C. Diff)
-.. precautions
note:
alcohol based sanitizer
enteric
wash hands with soap and water
does not kill C-diff.
SARS-CoV-2:
… spikes
corona means ?
the virus has ?
protein
crown in latin
genetic material deep within core
What is COVID-19: a virus that is in the ? -there aren't ? virus is named Infection is called
corona virus family
- 18 other corona viruses (19 for year)
- SARS CoV-2
- COVID-19
Corona Viruses: there are many different these viruses cause the illnessess include: -the common -? -?
corona viruses
illnessess in people and animals
-common cold
-SARS-COV (severe acute respiratory syndrome -2003)
-Middle East Respiratory syndrome: MERS-COV (2012)
The impact: patients and their loved ones -the -the -consider
health care providers physical ? - - .... Non-COVID-19 patients and their loved ones -impact on
PPE
isolation
baseline hearing impairment and cognitive impairment
impact (PPE, fatigue)
psychological
palliative care
CDC info on COVID-19 transmission
SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted by exposure to ?
-principal mode is through exposure to ?
exposure occurs in 3 ways
- inhalation of ?
- deposition of ? on exposed ?
- touching ? either directly by ? or indirectly by ?
infectious respiratory fluids
respiratory fluids carrying infectious virus
- very fine respiratory droplets and aerosol particles
- respiratory droplets and particles/ mucous membranes in mouth, nose, or eye by direct splashes and sprays
- mucous membranes with hands that have been soiled/ virus-containing respiratory fluids/ touching surfaces with virus on them
People release respiratory fluids during ? in the form of droplets across a ?
these droplets carry ? and transmit ?
- the largest droplets ?
- the smallest droplets and aerosol particles formed when these fine droplets rapdily dry, are small enough that they can ?
exhalation / spectrum of sizes
virus/ infection
settle out of the air rapidly
remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours
Transmission from inhalation in the air farther than 6 feet can ?
- indoors for ?
- and in some cases to people who have passed through space ?
per published reports factors that increase risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection under these circumstances include:
- enclosed spaces with ?
- increased ?
- prolonged?
occur
- extended time
- soon after infectious person left
inadequate ventilation or air handling
exhalation (physical exertion or raising voice)
exposure typically more than 15 minutes
Aerosol Generating Procedures: commonly performed medical procedures that are often considered ? or that create ? -open -.. induction -cardiopulmonary -endotracheal -non-invasive -.... -manual -based on limited available data it is uncertain whether aerosols generated from some procedures may be infectious such as: .... administration high flow
AGPs/ uncontrolled respiratory secretions:
- suctioning of airways
- induction
- resuscitation
- intubation/extubation
- ventilation (BiPAP, CPAP)
- bronchoscopy
- ventilation
nebulizer administration
high flow O2 delivery
Aerosol Generating Procedures - SLP for SLPs , consider Aerosol generation with: clinical modified ... could include: vigorous expectoration of presence of a
swallowing evals
MBSS
FEES
coughing
secretions
tracheostomy
SARS CoV-2: the protein spikes on this virus detect ? the virus uses ACE2 receptors to ? some organ cells have greater ? which put those organs are ? and include: - - - - - -
ACE2 receptors found on cells in the host
enter cells of host
expression of ACE2 receptors / greater risk
- respiratory tract and lungs
- heart
- Ileum
- esophagus
- kidneys
- bladder
The impact on SLP service delivery Telehealth delivery of care: need to ? -.. -swallowing -supply -... requirements need for -
set-up care
- considerations
- technology (on both sides)
- family support to deliver services
Telehealth: Public Health Emergency first declared by US department of health and human services on 1/27/2020
-provided coverage by medicare for some ?
regulations vary depending on the ?
PHE was extended on ? through?
SLP and audiology services via telehealth
service and setting that is providing service
april 16 2022 through july 15 2022
