Module 1 Flashcards
Law or Proportions
If two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of the elements will be in whole proportions (no half an atom, etc)
Law of Conservation
Matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transmuted
Mole (mol)
Mole always contain 6.022x10^23 entities (standardized SI unit)
Molar mass
The weight in grams of one mole of an entity
Limiting reagent
The reactant the runs out of entities to contribute to a reaction first in an experiment, if there is one
Aqueous solutions in biology
Crucial for transport of gases, inorganic molecules and application/transport of drugs
Cause of dipole-dipole in water
Oxygen side is negative and hydrogen side is positive
Hydrogen bonding
Hydrogen causes dipole-dipole bond which is very strong in some situations (what are they?)
Why is water’s B.P. so high?
Extensive hydrogen bonding means more energy is required to change the state
Water as a solvent
- Excellent as solvent for electrolytes
- Dissolution occurs spontaneously
- Ions are high energy but solvation provides stability
- Solvation is dipole ionic, but water can induce dipole in non-ionic molecules
Hydration (anytime water is used as solvent)
- Good for polar molecules and ions
- Poor, but not impossible for non-polar as waters permanent dipole can induce dipoles in non-polar molecules
- Magnitude of induced dipole is dependent on the number of electrons and shape of the molecule being influenced
Electrolyte
Dissolves to give ions in solution
Non-electrolyte
Dissolved without formation of ions
Strong electrolyte
Completely dissociates in water (to completion)
Weak electrolyte
Incomplete dissociation, when dissolved some molecules give ions, but the reaction does not reach completion
