Core Terminology

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Property

Answer 2

Any characteristic that allows us to recognize and distinguish a particular type of matter from others

Question 3

Molecule

Answer 3

Two or more atoms joined together in specific shapes

Question 4

Chemistry

Answer 4

The science that seeks to understand the properties and behavior of matter by studying the properties and behavior of atoms and molecules

Question 5

Chemists

Answer 5

Make new types of matter, measure the properties of matter, develop models that explain and/or predict the properties of matter

Question 6

Pure substance

Answer 6

Matter with distinct properties that does not change sample to sample

Question 7

Element

Answer 7

Cannot be decomposed into a simpler substance, only one type of atom. There are elemental molecules

Question 8

Compound

Answer 8

Most elements can interact with other elements to form compounds. Compounds are two or more bonded elements

Question 9

Law of Constant Composition

Answer 9

If a substance is structurally and molecularly the same as another, it’s properties will be too, regardless of method of acquisition

Question 10

Mixture

Answer 10

Each substance in a mixture retains it’s chemical properties, however may not have the same composition, properties and appearance throughout

Question 11

Solution

Answer 11

Homogenous mixture that can be in any state

Question 12

Chemical properties

Answer 12

Describes the way a substance may react to form other substances.
Eg: flammability

Question 13

Physical properties

Answer 13

Can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance

Question 14

Intensive properties

Answer 14

Do not depend on the amount of sample being examined, many intensive properties can be used to identify substances

Question 15

Extensive properties

Answer 15

Depend on amount of sample

Eg: mass, volume

Question 16

Physical change

Answer 16

Substance changes physical appearance but not composition

Eg: ice -> water -> steam

Question 17

Chemical change

Answer 17

Substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

Question 18

Energy

Answer 18

Capacity to do work or transfer heat

Question 19

Work

Answer 19

The energy transferred when a force is exerted on an object and causes displacement

Question 20

Heat

Answer 20

The energy used to cause the temp of an object to increase

Question 21

Chemical energy

Answer 21

Released when bonds are formed and stored when bonds are broken

Question 22

Candela

Answer 22

The luminous intensity of a source of light in cd

Question 23

Scientific process

Answer 23

collect info -> form hypothesis -> test hypothesis -> form theory -> test theory repeatedly

Question 24

Kelvin

Answer 24

Unit of heat measurement. 0k is absolute zero, C+273.15 = K

Question 25

Exact number

Answer 25

A number whose value is exactly known

Question 26

Inexact number

Answer 26

A number whose value includes a range of uncertainty. Numbers obtained in measurement are always inexact

Question 27

Equipment error

Answer 27

Limitation of the equipment being used to measure something

Question 28

Human error

Answer 28

Accounts for differences in the ways people measure things

Question 29

Precision

Answer 29

How closely individual measurements agree with one another

Question 30

Accuracy

Answer 30

How closely individual measurements agree with the true value

Question 31

Distillation

Answer 31

The process of separating components of a mixture through heating or cooling over time

Question 32

Filtration

Answer 32

Separation of mixtures by particle size or state

Question 33

Chromatography

Answer 33

Separation of mixture by passing through a medium in which components move at different rates