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Pharmacology Examination > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

PaO2

A

80-100mmhg

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2
Q

PaCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

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3
Q

Magnesium level

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

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4
Q

Total calcium level

A

8.4-10.5 mg/dL

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5
Q

Sodium level

A

135-145 mEq/L

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6
Q

Surface Area Calculation

A

(surface area in square meters/1.73) x

average adult dose

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7
Q

CLARK’S RULE

A

weight of child in lbs over 150 lbs x ave. adult dose

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8
Q

Young’s rule

A

Child’s age in years over child’s age in year + 12 x ave. adult dose

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9
Q

Fried’s rule

A

infant’s age in months over 150 months x ave. adult dose

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10
Q

chamber is with needle

A

Microdrop tube set

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11
Q

Micro drop rate

A

60 gtt/min

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12
Q

1 gr in mg

A

60 mg

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13
Q

1 tsp in mL

A

5 mL

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14
Q

1 kg in lbs

A

2.2 lbs

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15
Q

1 ounce in tbsp

A

2 tbsp

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16
Q

1 tbsp in tsp

A

3 tsp

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17
Q

1 ounce in gr

A

480 gr

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18
Q

qhs

A

nightly

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19
Q

AS

A

Left ear

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20
Q

AD

A

Right ear

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21
Q

MGSO4

A

Magnesium Sulfate

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22
Q

MS MSO4

A

Morphine Sulfate

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23
Q

QOD

A

Every other day

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24
Q

Administration of Ear Drops (children and adult)

A

Straighten the external ear canal by:
■ pulling down and back on the auricle in children or
■ pulling up and back on the auricle in adult

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25
Q

Administration of Eye Drops

A

Gently pull down the skin below the eye to expose the

conjunctival sac

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26
Q

○ Do not cut patches.
○ Remove patches with metallic components prior to MRI.
○ Remove the old patch prior to applying the new one.

A

Transdermal

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27
Q

Dissolved in sugar

A

Syrups

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28
Q

Liquid that contain solid, insoluble drug particles,

has granules – needs to be shaken

A

suspensions

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29
Q

Water-in-oil; oil-in-water; gelatin

A

emulsions

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30
Q

Clear liquids dissolved in alcohol and water

A

Elixirs

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31
Q

Flat disks; flavored base

A

Lozenges

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32
Q

Provide gradual but continuous release of

the drug

A

time released capsule

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33
Q

Enteric-coated and timed-release capsules must be ____ to be effective

A

swallowed whole

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34
Q

NOT given to clients who are vomiting, lack a

gag reflex, or who are comatose.

A

oral meds

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35
Q

Dr.’s order upon admission, continual unless ordered

A

Standing

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36
Q

validating for right drug

A

(3x - before med prep, after med

prep, before administering)

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37
Q

as directed

A

ut dict.

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38
Q

TID

A

3x a daY

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39
Q

stat

A

at once; NOW NA

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40
Q

ss

A

½

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41
Q

qid

A

4x a day

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42
Q

qd

A

once daily; OD

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43
Q

prn

A

as needed

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44
Q

pc

A

after meals

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45
Q

ou

A

both eyes

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46
Q

os

A

left eye

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47
Q

od

A

right eye

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48
Q

hs

A

at bedtime

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49
Q

bid

A

2x a day

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50
Q

ad lib

A

as much as desired

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51
Q

ac

A

before meals

52
Q

aa

A
53
Q

Rashes, Hives Nursing Interventions

A

● Frequent skin care
● Instruct to avoid rubbing, tight or rough clothing and harsh
soaps
● Administer antihistamines as appropriate.

54
Q

Condition in which the person’s body has too few RBCs,

WBCs and platelets.

A

Pancytopenia

55
Q

Stomatitis Nursing Intervention

A

● Frequent mouth care.

● DAT (Diet as Tolerated) with small, frequent feeding.

56
Q

when body forms antibodies to a particular drug inducing a

response in the subsequent exposure

A

Drug Allergy

57
Q

onset, peak, duration, therapeutic range,

side effects, adverse reactions

A

Pharmacodynamics

58
Q

↓K, ↓Mg, ↑ Ca levels

A

digitalis toxicity

59
Q

wide margin of safety (toxic)

A

Decreased TI

60
Q

narrow margin of safety (safe)

A

Increased TI

61
Q

Measures the margin of safety of a drug
It is a ratio that measures the effective therapeutic dose and the
lethal dose

A

THERAPEUTIC INDEX

62
Q

Receptor produces a variety of
effects on different organs (these are responses that are not
only agonist/antagonist)

A

Nonspecific Drug effects

63
Q

Time the drug has its pharmacologic effect

A

Duration

64
Q

Drug reaches its HIGHEST blood concentration

A

Peak

65
Q

Time it takes to reach the minimum effective concentration

MEC

A

Onset

66
Q

PHARMACODYNAMICS

A

Study of drug concentration and its effects on the body

67
Q

Iron tablets causes fecal matter to turn into what color

A

black

68
Q

Creatinine clearance

A

Normal = 85-135 ml/min

69
Q

Urine pH

A

Normal = 4.5-8

70
Q

24, 36 half life

A

Long half-life

71
Q

4-8 hours half-life

A

Short half-life

72
Q

The time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be
eliminated

A

HALF- LIFE

73
Q

“biotransformation”
● Process by which body inactivates the drug
● GI tract, LIVER

A

METABOLISM

74
Q 
allows only lipid-soluble drugs
■ Factors that affects Protein Levels:
● Nutrition
● Age
● Liver and Kidney Disease
A

Blood-brain Barrier

75
Q

■Drugs bind to protein; the portion that is bound is INACTIVE,
while the portion that is unbound is ACTIVE or FREE drug.
■ two or more highly protein-bound drugs are given at the same
time - free drug in the circulation - toxicity protein level -
protein binding sites - free drug – drug accumulation/toxicity

A

Protein-binding Effect

76
Q

Process when drug becomes available to body fluids and tissues

A

DISTRIBUTION

77
Q

Drugs given IM can be absorbed faster in the _)_____ area than
gluteal area.

A

deltoid

78
Q

decreases blood circulation in the GI tract

A

Exercise

79
Q

slow gastric
emptying time, thus the drug remains in the stomach for a longer
period of time.

A

Pain, stress foods that are SOLID, HOT and FATTY

80
Q

percentage of the drug that reaches the systemic

circulation

A

Bioavailability

81
Q

“Hepatic First Pass”

Drug passes to the liver first

A

First- Pass Effect

82
Q

cells engulfing the drug particles

A

Pinocytosis

83
Q

requires carrier, thus energy to transport

A

Active absorption

84
Q

occurs by diffusion

A

Passive absorption

85
Q

Movement of drug particles from the GI tract to body fluids by
PASSIVE, ACTIVE absorption or pinocytosis.

A

ABSORPTION

86
Q

process of Pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

87
Q

Process of drug movement to achieve drug action

A

PHARMACOKINETICS

88
Q

Fastest disintegration form of drug

A

Liquid from

89
Q

gives privileges to elderly Filipinos 60 years and
above.
● Entitled to 20% discount and exempted from VAT ( value added tax)
● For medicines, generic and branded, vitamins and mineral
supplements with doctor’s prescription

A

Republic Act 9994; EXPANDED SENIOR CITIZENS ACT

90
Q

self-inducing sedatives, secobarbitals,

hypnotic drugs

A

Regulated Drugs

91
Q

drugs with opium, cocoa leaf, heroine,

morphine, LSD

A

Prohibited Drugs

92
Q

drugs which produces insensibility, stupor,

melancholy or dullness of mind, habit forming

A

Narcotics

93
Q

Registration and imposition of license on all persons who deal with
narcotic drugs and the control of the legal traffic in narcotic drugs

A

RA 953 – NARCOTIC DRUG ACT

94
Q

Essential Drug List
-List of drugs prepared by DOH on the basis of health conditions
in the Philippines as well as internationally accepted criteria

A

REPUBLIC ACT 6675 - GENERICS ACT OF 1988

95
Q

identification of drugs with scientifically and internationally
recognized active ingredients
promote, encourage and require the use of generic terminology
in the importation, manufacture, distribution, marketing,
advertising and promotion, prescription and dispensing of drugs
ensure the adequate supply of drugs with generic names at the
lowest possible cost and endeavor to make them available for
free to indigent patients

A

REPUBLIC ACT 6675 - GENERICS ACT OF 1988

96
Q

Practitioner, who shall prescribe any dangerous drug to any person
whose physical or physiological condition does not require the use
Imprisonment ranging from 12 years and 1 day to 20 years

A

RA 9165- Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002

97
Q 
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
limited abuse potential
Medically accepted drugs
● Ex: Opioid-controlled substances for
diarrhea and cough
A

Schedule V (C-V)

98
Q 
. CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
Less abuse
Limited dependence
Antianxiety, sedative
Medically accepted drugs
● Ex: Phenobarbital (luminal),
benzodiazepines
A

Schedule IV (C-IV)

99
Q 
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
Less abuse potential
Moderate dependents
Medically accepted drugs
● Ex: Nonamphetamine stimulants, codeine
preparations, paregoric, nonnarcotic drugs
A

Schedule III (C-III)

100
Q 
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
High abuse potential
Accepted medical use
Severe dependence liability
● Ex: Narcotics, barbiturates
A

Schedule II (C-II)

101
Q

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
High abuse potential drugs
No accepted medical use
● Ex: Heroin, marijuana, LSD

A

Schedule I (C-I)

102
Q

PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
Human fetal risk proven
Risk on use of pregnant women

A

Category X

103
Q

PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
human fetal risk
Benefit vs. risk
Life threatening situation
Weigh, explain properly through therapeutic
communication, and discuss the benefits and risk for
both the mother and the baby

A

Category D

104
Q

PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
Animal studies = no risk to fetus
May be acceptable
No adequate studies on humans

A

Category C

105
Q

PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
No adequate studies in pregnant women have shown
an adverse effects Little to NO RISK to the fetus in the
1st trimester

A

Category B

106
Q

. PREGNANCY CATEGORIES

No risk to fetus in the 1st trimester and later

A

Category A

107
Q 
● Lack therapeutic activity
● Too toxic, teratogenic
● Small safety margin, produce unacceptable side effects
● Have a low benefit to risk ratio
● Not as effective as available drugs
A

DRUG DROPPED FROM THE STUDY

108
Q

Use of drug in vast clinical market; after this, there would be a continuous evaluation

A

PHASE III STUDIES

109
Q

Try drugs to patients who have the disease; Performed at various studies

A

PHASE II STUDIES

110
Q

Healthy volunteers to test drugs

A

PHASE I STUDIES

111
Q

DRUG EVALUATION

\Chemicals are tested to determine whether they have effects; Evaluate adverse effects

A

PRECLINICAL TRIALS

112
Q

Discovered but are not financially viable and not yet adopted by
any drug company; Treat rare disease

A

ORPHAN DRUGS

113
Q

OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS

= insufficient data to classify

A

Category III

114
Q

OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS

- either unsafe or ineffective

A

Category II

115
Q

OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS- safe and efffective

A

Category I

116
Q

Drugs that are unsafe unless administered under the supervision of
a licensed practitioner, Hypnotic Drugs, Narcotics, Habit-forming Drugs, New drugs that are investigated

A

PRESCRIPTION DRUGS

117
Q

SOURCES OF DRUGS

A

Plants, Animal Products, Inorganic Compounds, Synthetic Drugs

118
Q

Name given by the manufacturer

A

Brand Name

119
Q

common name; Name listed in the US Food

and Drug Administration

A

Generic Name

120
Q

chemical constitution of the drug

A

Chemical Name

121
Q

chemical substances that have an effect on living organisms

A

drug

122
Q

means science

A

Logos

123
Q

means “drugs”

A

Pharmakon

124
Q

aa

A

of each

125
Q

qhs

A

nightly

Pharmacology Examination (3 decks)

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