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Intro to Philo > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Greek root words of Philosophy and its meanings?

A

Philos - Love;

Sophia - Wisdom

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2
Q

What is the second-order inquiry? and why?

A

Philosophy, because it questions and criticizes what is known

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3
Q

What does Philosophy as a Second-order Inquiry refine?

A

science and its methodology

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4
Q

Who and where was the term Philosophy used?

A

By Pythagoras of Samos (570 - 495 BCE) during an Olympic Game

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5
Q

The start of philosophy that was an investigation regarding the nature of things in general.

A

Phusis

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6
Q

Philosophy is considered the ________ from where other disciplines emerged.

A

mother discipline/ primary discipline

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7
Q

This is the logical and empirical way of looking at things.

A

Philosophy

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8
Q

Greek word for “Nature”

A

Phusis

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9
Q

Who was proponent for the Characteristics of a Philosophical Question?

A

Isaiah Berlin

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10
Q

What are the Characteristics of a Philosophical Question?

A

broad and general, has no single methodology in answering, trivial

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11
Q

What is the first-order inquiry?

A

scientists assumptions

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12
Q

Philosophy is a _____ that crosses over different areas and disciplines.

A

meta-discipline

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13
Q

This is a branch of philosophy that is the study of reality and existence & example

A

Metaphysics, Plato’s Theory of Forms

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14
Q

Branches of Philosophy.

A

Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Logic, Theodicy

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15
Q

these two branches of philosophy are a good combination

A

Metaphysics, Epistemology

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16
Q

Branch of philosophy that’s all about questions? answers?

A

Metaphysics, Epistemology

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17
Q

study of knowledge, truth, ideas, and language

A

Epistemology

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18
Q

different notions of realities in Epistemology

A

The Rationalists, The Empiricists, The Pragmatics, The Idealists

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19
Q

study of right and wrong in human endeavors

A

Ethics

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20
Q

talks about practicality of Moral Judgement & Moral Virtue

A

Ethics (best in evil, worst in good)

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21
Q

study of correct thinking

A

Logic (logical reasoning, Syllogism)

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22
Q

study of justification of things structure and goal created by God

A

Theodicy - associated with theology

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23
Q

In 630 BC, this was a fishing village and center of ______

A

Miletus, trade and commerce

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24
Q

Miletus was known as the ___ because this is where they exchanged goods and ideas

A

Melting Pot of ideas and cultures

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25
Q

Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes were known as? because?

A

The Triumvirate of the Milesians

first Ancient Greek Philosophers who gave non-mythological account of the nature of reality and the universe

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26
Q

The Triumvirate of the Milesians believed that basic things were actually

A

real, animated material

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27
Q

These are Greeks who believed all matter has life and that universe is alive, animate, and material

A

Hylozoists

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28
Q

Greek root words of Hylozoists and their meanings

A

Hylos: stuff
Zoe: life

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29
Q

Father of Western Philosophy and Modern Science

A

Thales of Miletus (624 B.C.)

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30
Q

Anaximander believed that the universe is composed of what in human societies?

A

laws

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31
Q

professions of Thales

A

trader, mathematician, astronomer

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32
Q

This whole philosophy believed that philosophy is religion? Why?

A

Eastern Philosophy, because both -> purification of the soul which needs consciousness

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33
Q

first Greek to break from mythology tradition

A

Thales

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34
Q

Because Thales did this, he was wealthy

A

trade OLIVE oil

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35
Q

Anaxagoras believed reality is?

A

Nous/Mind

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36
Q

Where did Empedocles die and why?

A

Mt. Etna in Sicily, Italy because he jumped inside

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37
Q

What is constant according to Parmenides of Elea? Why?

A

beingness, it is indestructible, immovable, complete without beginning and/or end

38
Q

first person to predict an eclipse

A

Thales

39
Q

He was a loyal follower of Parmenides?

A

Zeno of Elea

40
Q

He believed that permanent is the being? Another term for being?

A

Parmenides of Elea (450 BC), Plenus

41
Q

What term did Pythagoras first use in cosmology?

A

Logos

42
Q

He was the first to use logic?

A

Zeno of Eleas

43
Q

Heraclitus of Ephesus believed that reality is?

A

flux

44
Q

Pythagoras believed that reality is?

A

numbers

45
Q

Parmenides of Elea believed two things that meant everything is stuck and destined?

A

Fatalism, Determinism

46
Q

Anaximander believed that the Earth was?

A

cylindrical and suspended in space

47
Q

Who was Thales’s wisest student?

A

Anaximander (610-540 B.C.)

48
Q

Who believed that reality is made of atoms?

A

Leucippus, Democritus

49
Q

Who said: “you cannot step twice into the same rivers for fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you. we step and do not step into the same river, we are, and we are not.”?

A

Heraclitus of Ephesus

50
Q

Parmenides of Elea believed reality is?

A

being

51
Q

first greek to use geometry in Pyramids?

A

Thales

52
Q

Pythagoras believed that philosophy was a way of life and was?

A

religion

53
Q

Why did Anaxagoras believed that reality is Nous?

A

it is self-governing and infinite

54
Q

Anaximander believed that reality is?

A

infinite or apeiron’

55
Q

Pythagoras believed that this two made up the Purification of the soul? Why?

A

Philosophy + Mathematics solving - you have to use everything rational - contemplation

56
Q

What did Anaximenes believed regarding natural phenomena?

A

That they have rational causes

57
Q

Who are the Pre-Socratics?

A

Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, Zeno, Leucippus, Democritus

58
Q

Thales believed that reality is? why?

A

water because it’s flowing

59
Q

Anaxagoras believed that this has the greatest strength and powerful

A

The nous

60
Q

Who said: “All things havo a portion of everything, while nous is infinite and is self-rulcd, and is mixed with nothing, but it is alone, itself by itself… it has knowledge about all things.”?

A

Anaxagoras

61
Q

`How did Western Philosophy begin?

A

through the need of satisfying curiosity to veer mythology as a tradition

62
Q

Anaximander’s professions.

A

prose writer, astronomer, scientist

63
Q

Anaximenes believed that reality is?

A

air

64
Q

Who said: “The source from which existing things derive their existence is also that to which they returen at their destruction”?

A

Anaximander

65
Q

Empedocles and Anaxagoras was a?

A

Pluralist

66
Q

Empedocles believed reality is?

A

Earth, Air, Fire, and Water’

67
Q

This was the marking in the beginning of philosophy?

A

Western Philosophy

68
Q

He died laughing and was known as the?

A

Democritus - laughing philosopher

69
Q

He believed that we had seeds or elements connected between us?

A

Anaxagoras (480 BC)

70
Q

He believed that permanent meant change.

A

Heraclitus of Ephesus (500 BC)

71
Q

According to Pythagoras, what is the perfect number and number for marriage?

A

10 and 5 because 5+5 = 10

72
Q

Eastern Philosophy believes that this two was one.

A

man + the world

73
Q

first greek to use distance in ships in the shore?

A

Thales

74
Q

Anaximenes believed that the Earth and other heavenly bodies are?

A

floating in the air

75
Q

A religious cult under Pythagoras?

A

Pythagoreans

76
Q

Heraclitus of Ephesus’s primary principle?

A

Libertinism

77
Q

Zeno of Elea was what kind of philosopher?

A

controversial

78
Q

This philosophy used logic, reason, existence, reality?

A

Western Philosophy

79
Q

Heraclitus of Ephesus believed that the world is?

A

an ever-living fire, in flux, and we cannot hold onto it at any point

80
Q

Thales believed that the Earth was?

A

flat

81
Q

he attempted to draw a map.

A

Anaximander

82
Q

Who was Anaximander’s wisest student?

A

Anaximenes (588-524 BC)

83
Q

Who is the Father of numbers?

A

Pythagoras (531 BC)

84
Q

Eastern Philosophy that this was the way to experience the world.

A

consciousness

85
Q

Zeno of Elea believed that reality is?

A

being

86
Q

This is external but infinite and self-ruled.

A

Mind

87
Q

He believed he was immortal and has magical powers?

A

Empedocles (490 - 433 BC)

88
Q

What were an illusion Parmenides of Elea?

A

Time, Freewill, Motion, Change

89
Q

opposite of Libertinism?

A

conservativism

90
Q

Pythagoras believed that this was a cathartic process of purification of life?

A

contemplative life

91
Q

Anaximander believed that if laws were disturbed there’d be?

A

turmoil

92
Q

Anaximenes’s professions

A

astronomer and scientist

Intro to Philo (2 decks)

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