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Intro to Philo > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Stages in the Apprehension of Concepts for Knowledge

A

Perception -> Abstraction -> Judgement

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2
Q

stage of apprehension involved with perceiving our surroundings

A

Perception

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3
Q

Two Types of Perception

A

External Perception

Internal Perception

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4
Q

How Does Internal Perception Work?

A

perceiving things using imagination and memory

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5
Q

How Does External Perception Work?

A

perceiving things using 5 senses

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6
Q

What is the type of product for External Perception ?

A

Percept -> immediate product

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7
Q

What is the type of product for Internal Perception ?

A

Image/Phantasm -> recreated product

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8
Q

stage of apprehension involved with intellectual grasping

A

Abstraction

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9
Q

result of the abstraction, simple apprehension or conception of the mind/intellect

A

Concepts

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10
Q

building blocks of knowledge

A

Concepts

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11
Q

stage of apprehension involved with making a knowledge claim

A

Judgement

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12
Q

what do you need to combine to make a statement?

A

at least 2 concepts

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13
Q

results of a judgement

A

Statements/Prepositions

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14
Q

these reflect the process of reasoning

A

Statements/Prepositions

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15
Q

What do you use in External Perception?

A

5 senses

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16
Q

What do you use in Internal Perception?

A

imagination and memory

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17
Q

The immediate product

A

Percept

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18
Q

The recreated product

A

Image/Phantasm

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19
Q

What do we grasp among different particulars?

A

what is universal

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20
Q

What are concepts

A

result of the abstraction, simple apprehension or conception of the mind/intellect

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21
Q

Why do concepts have no truth value

A

because you have not made any claim regarding your concept

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22
Q

What did Acuna say about concepts

A

they are either vague or precise; sufficient or insufficient; but neither true or false

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23
Q

these are results of a judgement

A

Statements/Prepositions

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24
Q

group of words that expresses a complete thought

A

Sentence

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25
Q

are sentences with truth value?

A

not necessarily

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26
Q

Types of Sentences

A

Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, Expletive, Exclamatory

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27
Q

connection between statements and sentences

A

all statements are declarative sentences, but not all sentences are statements

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28
Q

Where can you find the two meaningful types of statements

A

David Hume’s Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding

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29
Q

Types of Statements

A

Analytic & Empirical

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30
Q

Type of statement where the truth and falsity of the knowledge claim can be found within the statement itself

A

Analytic Statement

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31
Q

derivative statements w/ different words but the same meaning

A

Tautologous statements

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32
Q

Type of statement where the truth and falsity of the knowledge claim depends on the current state

A

Empirical Statement

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33
Q

difference of Analytical and Empirical Statements

A

where truth and falsity of the knowledge claim can be found

Analytic- within the statement

Empirical - depends on the current state

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34
Q

Types of Knowledge

A

Formal, Empirical

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35
Q

type of knowledge where the main concern is the validation of the knowledge claims

A

Formal Knowledge

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36
Q

what does Formal Knowledge emphasize on?

A

validity and coherence

37
Q

Formal Knowledge’s flaw?

A

contradictions

38
Q

in Formal Knowledge there is a ____ to find and validate the answer

A

structure

39
Q

what does Empirical Knowledge make use of?

A

experience and sense perception

40
Q

type of knowledge where the main concern is the establishment and verification of knowledge claims

A

Empirical Knowledge

41
Q

Flaw in Empirical Knowledge

A

inconsistency

42
Q

What do Empirical Knowledge make use of?

A

data and experiences

43
Q

subjects under Formal Knowledge?

A

Mathematics, Logic, Geometry

44
Q

subjects under Empirical Knowledge?

A

Hard Science, Soft Science

45
Q

these are views or judgement from our beliefs or views of others

A

Opinions

46
Q

these constitute reality or actuality

A

Facts

47
Q

The Athenian Philosopher

A

Plato

48
Q

Plato founded what school?

A

Platonist School of Thought and Academia

49
Q

Plato was the wisest student of whom?

A

Socrates

50
Q

who said that the safest characterization of Western Philosophy is a series of footnotes to Plato

A

Alfred North Whitehead

51
Q

what did Alfred North Whitehead say is the safest characterization of Western Philosophy

A

a series of footnotes to Plato

52
Q

Platonic Philosophy

A

says that knowledge is wisdom and virtue is knowledge

53
Q

Plato’s Metaphysical System

A

World of Forms and Ideas, World Soul

54
Q

what constitutes perfect knowledge

A

world soul

55
Q

through world soul what can we access?

A

two worlds (world of forms and world of ideas)

56
Q

where are human beings in Plato’s Metaphysical

A

world of form- nasa material object tayo

57
Q

according to plato:
our body is ____
our spirit is ____
our senses can ____

A

evil
good
deceive us

58
Q

this has the immediate and direct contact w/ the world of forms and ideas

A

world soul

59
Q

dimensions where objects are in flux

A

world of forms

60
Q

dimensions or worlds where objects are eternal and ageless

A

world of ideas

61
Q

plato’s goal of his philosophy and the highest and most difficult to attain in the hierarchy

A

good

62
Q

The Chairness of the Chair idea

A

our chair is just a secondary copy of the world of idea’s chair

63
Q

only entity to have contact with the world of ideas

A

world soul

64
Q

plato believed that the soul was perfect before birth, what happened after?

A

from world soul - > world of form in the form of our physical body which corrupted our soul

65
Q

why did plato say knowledge is rememberance

A

remembering the ability to pursue goodness and good life

66
Q

what did prisoners see the fire as?

A

source of true and good of all things

67
Q

real objective of Plato’s philosophy

A

search for knowledge

68
Q

distinction between sensible world & the intelligible word

A

divided line

69
Q

difference between sensible world & the intelligible word

A

> sensible world: world of experience

> intelligible world: world of true knowledge

70
Q

two types of opinions

A

Eikasia, Pistis

71
Q

what is an Eikasia opinion?

A

lowest type, imagination only (e.g. allegory of the cave)

72
Q

what is a Pistis opinion?

A

beliefs, commonsensical views

73
Q

known as practical knowledge

A

Pistis

74
Q

levels of knowledge

A

Noesis, Dianoia

75
Q

what is a Noesis knowledge?

A

use of reasoning; use of intellect

76
Q

what is a Dianoia knowledge?

A

understanding; use of scientific, mathematical, or abstract hypothesis –> still dependent on the real world

77
Q

Who said that The Unexamined Life is not worth living

A

Socrates

78
Q

what is the Socratic method

A

method of Dialectics; embracing and taking on the hypothesis or view of your opponent as if you agree with it

79
Q

what is Aporia?

A

process of recognizing self’s ignorance in order to achieve full knowledge

80
Q

Socrates refer to this as the soul/intellect that can be honed through dialectics

A

Eye of the mind

81
Q

known to be the first professional teachers or “the wise ones”

A

Sophists

82
Q

who said that “Man is the measure of all things”

A

Protagoras

83
Q

who said that “Virtues is not one but many”

A

Gorgias

84
Q

who said that “Justice or Righteousness is the interest of the stronger party”

A

Thrasymachus

85
Q

who built the systematic doubt

A

Rene Descartes

86
Q

What is systematic doubt

A

doubting everything that can be doubted until you arrive at clear and distinct ideas which were nonsensical to doubt

87
Q

Rene Descartes’s book where he wrote that believed that knowledge can proceed or
start from very few premises or starting points

A

Meditations on First Philosophy

88
Q

two quotes of Rene Descartes

A

You can even doubt about your own doubt

Cogito, Ergo, Sum - I think therefore I exist

89
Q

what was stated in Meditation on First Philosophy regarding knowledge’s source

A

it can start from very few premises or starting points

Intro to Philo (2 decks)

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