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NAT303 - Holistic Pathology > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following has NOT been shown to lower blood pressure?

a. higher intake of vitamin C
b. hawthorn extracts
c. high sodium-to-potassium intake
d. vegetarian diet

A

c. high sodium-to-potassium intake

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2
Q

A thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls is known as

a. arteriosclerosis
b. scoliosis
c. varicosities
d. piles

A

a. arteriosclerosis

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3
Q

What dietary modifications are supportive for hypotension?

a. Eliminate caffeine
b. Ensure that diet contains adequate levels of iron and protein
c. Ensure that diet contains adequate levels of potassium
d. Ensure that diet contains adequate levels of magnesium

A

b. Ensure that diet contains adequate levels of iron and protein

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4
Q

Which is NOT a common cause of arteriosclerosis?

a. hypertension
b. diabetes
c. coronary thrombosis
d. hyperlipidemia

A

c. coronary thrombosis

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5
Q

What is the most important component in the prevention of hemorrhoids?

a. Vitamin C
b. Bioflavonoids
c. high fiber diet
d. warm sitz baths

A

c. high fiber diet

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6
Q

Which supplement is an important natural support for all types of heart disease?

a. vitamin C
b. B vitamins
c. coenzyme Q10
d. vitamin E

A

c. coenzyme Q10

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7
Q

Carnitine is

a. a vitamin-like compound that is essential in the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria.
b. a substance that is very helpful for mitral valve prolapse.
c. a B vitamin important for heart and brain function.
d. a substance that when deficient contributes to arrhythmia.

A

a. a vitamin-like compound that is essential in the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria.

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Most cases of high blood pressure (borderline hypertension) can be brought under control through diet and lifestyle changes.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the cause of varicose veins?

a. faulty fat metabolism
b. build up of cholesterol in the blood vessel wall
c. adrenal exhaustion
d. faulty valve function in the blood vessel

A

d. faulty valve function in the blood vessel

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10
Q

Which of the following blood pressure would indicate Grade 1 hypertension, according to the ESH/ESC guidelines?

a. 135/85
b. 165/105
c. 150/95
d. 180/110

A

c. 150/95

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11
Q

What other more serious condition can bronchitis lead to?

a. asthma
b. pneumonia
c. influenza
d. emphysema

A

b. pneumonia

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12
Q

Zinc supplements can be helpful for what condition?

a. asthma
b. bronchitis
c. common cold/flu
d. emphysema

A

c. common cold/flu

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13
Q

What proteolytic enzyme has been shown to be helpful for bronchitis?

a. trypsin
b. pepsin
c. bromelain
d. papain

A

c. bromelain

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14
Q

Which condition has a dry and painful cough at first, but later, mucus is coughed up which may progress from white to yellowish and purulent.

a. asthma
b. acute bronchitis
c. sinusitis
d. emphysema

A

b. acute bronchitis

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15
Q

What is the name of a bronchial spasm that is triggered by an allergic condition?

a. bronchitis
b. asthma
c. emphysema
d. influenza

A

b. asthma

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Artificial dyes and preservatives in food can trigger asthma

A

True

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17
Q

What procedure will help to drain secretions from the bronchi and should be done at least twice a day for those with emphysema?

a. yoga breathing
b. progressive relaxation
c. postural drainage
d. oil inhalation

A

b. postural drainage

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18
Q

Which condition can be triggered by physical, as well as emotional stress?

a. asthma
b. bronchitis
c. common cold/flu
d. emphysema

A

a. asthma

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19
Q

What bronchial reaction is due to toxic chemicals, cold air, exercise, infection, or emotional upset?

a. Intrinsic asthma
b. Extrinsic asthma
c. emphysema
d. bronchitis

A

a. Intrinsic asthma

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20
Q

What is a chronic pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by destruction of the alveoli in the lungs?

a. asthma
b. bronchitis
c. common cold/flu
d. emphysema

A

d. emphysema

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21
Q

Which of the following culinary herbs is NOT supportive for hypertension?

a. garlic
b. parsley
c. cayenne
d. all of the above are supportive

A

d. all of the above are supportive

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22
Q

What lifestyle modification is essential for arteriosclerosis?

a. weight reduction
b. exercise
c. reduction of cholesterol and animal fat in the diet
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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23
Q

Which herb is directly supportive for varicose veins?

a. black cohosh
b. rosemary
c. witch hazel
d. bran tea

A

c. witch hazel

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24
Q

The condition in which plaque is deposited on the innermost layer of the walls of large and medium-sized arteries is called

a. scoliosis
b. atherosclerosis
c. varicosities
d. piles

A

b. atherosclerosis

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25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Blood in the stools is always due to hemorrhoids.

A

False

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26
Q

Which of the following is NOT a lifestyle modification for high blood pressure?

a. avoid food high in polyunsaturated fatty acids
b. avoid excess animal fats
c. try to get in a 20-minute walk daily
d. avoid excess salt or sodium and check all labels on processed foods

A

a. avoid food high in polyunsaturated fatty acids

27
Q

What herb should not be used if the client is on digitalis?

a. garlic
b. lavender
c. hawthorn
d. cayenne

A

c. hawthorn

28
Q

Diastolic pressure measures…

a. the pressure due to the recoil of the elastic arterial walls between the contractions of the heart
b. the minimum pressure in the brachial artery during ventricular relaxation
c. the maximum pressure in the brachial artery during ventricular contraction
d. both a and b are correct

A

d. both a and b are correct

29
Q

If your legs may feel heavy and tired by the end of the day, you may be suffering from

a. piles.
b. varicose veins.
c. hypertension.
d. hypotension.

A

b. varicose veins.

30
Q

What is the most important component in the prevention of hemorrhoids?

a. vitamin C
b. bioflavonoids
c. high fiber diet
d. warm sitz baths

A

c. high fiber diet

31
Q

Which condition would be helped by a combination of an expectorant, demulcent and diaphoretic herbs?

a. asthma
b. acute bronchitis
c. emphysema
d. none of the above

A

b. acute bronchitis

32
Q

Expectorant herbs are helpful for what condition?

a. asthma
b. acute bronchitis
c. emphysema
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

33
Q

What is the most common cause of emphysema?

a. infection
b. allergies
c. smoking
d. pollution

A

c. smoking

34
Q

Which condition is characterized by sneezing, coughing, watery eyes, headaches, fever, chills, muscular aches and pains?

a. asthma
b. bronchitis
c. common cold/flu
d. emphysema

A

c. common cold/flu

35
Q

Coughing should not be inhibited with antispasmodics in which condition?

a. asthma
b. bronchitis
c. sinusitis
d. emphysema

A

d. emphysema

36
Q

The upper limit of normal diastolic blood pressure is closest to

a. 100
b. 90
c. 85
d. 60

A

c. 85

37
Q

Systolic pressure measures

a. the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a vein of the systemic circulation.
b. the maximum pressure in the brachial artery during ventricular contraction
c. the minimum pressure in the brachial artery during ventricular relaxation
d. the difference between the maximum and minimum pressures

A

b. the maximum pressure in the brachial artery during ventricular contraction

38
Q

Your blood pressure is considered low it if is below

a. 140/90
b. 120/80
c. 90/60
d. 180/110

A

c. 90/60

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of hypotension?

a. anemia due to blood loss
b. adrenal insufficiency
c. high sodium diet
d. vegetarian diet

A

c. high sodium diet

40
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

a. low antioxidant status
b. type A behavior and worrying
c. diet low in omega-3 oils
d. all of the above are risk factors

A

d. all of the above are risk factors

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria linked with ulcers, may also be linked with chronic sinusitis.

A

True

42
Q

Which respiratory condition is characterized by difficulty in breathing, frequent coughing, wheezing, a feeling of suffocation, tightness in the chest, and violent coughing attacks?

a. asthma
b. acute bronchitis
c. common cold/flu
d. emphysema

A

a. asthma

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Fish oils are helpful for asthma

A

True

44
Q

Which condition can develop into more serious ailments such as middle ear infection, or pneumonia?

a. asthma
b. acute bronchitis
c. sinusitis
d. emphysema

A

c. sinusitis

45
Q

Which substance can be helpful for asthma?

a. magnesium
b. manganese
c. antioxidants, especially high dose vitamin C
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

46
Q

Hereditary deficiency of antitrypsin is a causative factor in which condition?

a. influenza
b. sinusitis
c. acute bronchitis
d. emphysema

A

d. emphysema

47
Q

An herb such as Lobelia inflata, a bronchodilator, is helpful for which condition?

a. emphysema
b. asthma
c. cold/flu
d. none of the above

A

b. asthma

48
Q

Chronic ______ can be a major cause of hemorrhoids.

a. hypertension
b. constipation
c. excessive exercise
d. bleeding around the anus

A

b. constipation

49
Q

Which herb is a venotonic (improves vein structure and function), which is helpful for varicose veins?

a. peppermint
b. horse chestnut
c. dandelion
d. valerian

A

c. dandelion

50
Q

What plant is supportive as an herb or an essential oil for hypotension?

a. rosemary
b. garlic
c. lavender
d. alfalfa

A

a. rosemary

51
Q

The upper limit of normal systolic blood pressure is closest to

a. 140
b. 130
c. 120
d. 90

A

b. 130

52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: High blood pressure may be asymptomatic.

A

True

53
Q

What condition is characterized by a headache, nasal congestion, and a discharge of thick, usually yellow, mucus?

a. asthma
b. acute bronchitis
c. sinusitis
d. emphysema

A

c. sinusitis

54
Q

People with chronic sinusitis often also suffer from what condition?

a. common cold
b. asthma
c. mold allergies
d. both a and b are correct

A

c. mold allergies

55
Q

Also called piles, _____ may cause itching, pain, and bleeding around the anus.

A

hemorrhoids

56
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: When no cause is discovered, high blood pressure is called secondary hypertension.

A

False

57
Q

Secondary hypertension is associated with malfunctioning:

a. kidneys
b. endocrine glands
c. narrowed arteries
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

58
Q

Pulse pressure measures:

a. the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a vein of the systemic circulation.
b. the maximum pressure in the brachial artery during ventricular contraction
c. the minimum pressure in the brachial artery during ventricular relaxation
d. the difference between the maximum and minimum pressures

A

d. the difference between the maximum and minimum pressures

59
Q

Which herbs are helpful for a fever?

a. refrigerant herbs
b. diaphoretic
c. expectorant herbs
d. both a and b

A

d. both a and b

60
Q

Which substance has been found to be low in asthmatics?

a. DHEA
b. manganese
c. antioxidants, especially vitamin C
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

61
Q

Avoidance of food and environmental allergies is helpful in what condition?

a. asthma
b. acute bronchitis
c. sinusitis
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

62
Q

To avoid constipation, drink plenty of water daily: at least six to eight 8-oz. glasses, and include ______ in the daily diet.

A

fiber

63
Q

Which of the following blood pressure would indicate Grade 3 hypertension, according to the ESH/ESC guidelines?

a. 159/99
b. 179/109
c. 180/110
d. none of the above

A

c. 180/110

64
Q

What condition is irreversible?

a. influenza
b. sinusitis
c. acute bronchitis
d. emphysema

A

d. emphysema

NAT303 - Holistic Pathology (7 decks)

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