Module 1,1 Flashcards
study of the tissues of the body
histology
enumerate the four basic types of tissues
epithelial, muscle, nervous, connective
tissues are made up of what interacting components
cells and extracellular matrix
refers to high organized molecules that form complex structures
extracellular matrix
deals with the study of basic disease process and correlating the etiology of the disease
histopathology
deals with the preparation of tissues for microscopic examination
histopathologic techniques
what is the aim of histopathologic techniques
to produce microscopic preparations of tissues, that is usually stained
it is a branch of science that deals with the study of cells that have been desquamated from epithelial surfaces
exfoliative cytology
study of abnormal cells, typically cancer cells
cytopathology
study of the methods of preparing the cells for microscopic examinations
cytotechnique
refers to when tissues are take from the body to go through the processing of diagnosing diseases
tissue processsing
refers to the technique of actually processing the tissues, whether it be biopsies, large specimens removed at surgerys or tissues from autopsies
histotechniques
list 5 steps from tissue processing
options:
fixation
decalcification
dehydration
clearing
trimming
embedding
infiltration
section cutting
mounting
labeling
staining
this fixes the tissues so they will not change their volume or shape during the process
this leaves the tissues as close as their living state as possible
fixation
refers to the removal of fixative water from the tissue and replace them with dehydration fluid
dehydration
what dehydration liquid is used?
initiated - 60-70% ETHANOL
processing - 90-95% ETHANOL
the process of replacing the dehydration fluid with a completely miscible fluid
clearing
enumerate the clearing fluids stated on the ppt
benzene, toluene, chloroform, xylene
refers to when melted wax penetrate in between the cells of the tissues
this step is necessary, it is to hard the tissues before embedding
infiltration
what medium is usually used for infiltration or embedding
paraffin
refers to when the tissues is surrounded by a, medium such as sugar, gelatin or wax
embedding
during the embedding process, what is the tissue usually surrounded by?
sugar, gelatin, or wax
the paraffin block is trimmed to expose the tissue for slicing on a microtome
trimming
refers to the process of sectioning the biological specimen into very thin segments for microscopic examinations
section cutting
what mechanical equipment is used during section cutting
microtome
making various tissue conspicuous and permit distinction between them
staining
a stain that results in different shades of blue
hematoxylin stains
a stain that results in different shades of red, pink, or orange
eosin stains
what stain is universally used for routine hitological examination
H&E stains
