Module 08: Matter and Energy Transformation

Question 0

Is synthesis of ATP exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 0

Endergonic (ΔG > 0)

Question 1

Is hydrolysis of ATP exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 1

Exergonic (ΔG < 0)

Question 2

What is the formula and ΔG of ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 2

ATP4- + H2O —> ADP3- + Pi2- + H+

ΔG = -7.3 kcal/mol

Question 3

What is the formula and ΔG of ATP synthesis?

Answer 3

ADP3- + Pi2- + H+ —> ATP4- + H2O

ΔG = +7.3 kcal/mol

Question 4

What two molecules comprise adenosine in ATP?

Answer 4

Adenine and ribose

Question 5

Which phosphate of ATP is hydrolyzed?

Answer 5

The gamma-phosphate

Question 6

What are the three types of pluripotent stem cells?

Answer 6

Mesoderm (middle), endoderm (internal), and ectoderm (external)

Question 7

What are some cell types that differentiate from the mesoderm layer?

Answer 7

Kidney tubule cells, red blood cells, and muscle cells (cardiac, skeletal, and smooth)

Question 8

What are three cell types that differentiate from the endoderm layer?

Answer 8

Lung cells, pancreatic cells, and thyroid cells

Question 9

What are three cell types that differentiate from the ectoderm layer?

Answer 9

Skin cells (epidermis), pigment cells, and neurons

Question 10

What is the order of stem cell differentiation?

Answer 10

Totipotent embryonic —> pluripotent embryonic —> multipotent —> terminally differentiated

Question 11

What happens to spare glucose in the body?

Answer 11

Polymerized into glycogen in the liver and muscle

Question 12

What is catabolism?

Answer 12

Breakdown of molecules

Question 13

What is anabolism?

Answer 13

Buildup/polymerization of molecules

Question 14

What is the energy release of glucose oxidation?

Answer 14

ΔG = -686 kcal/mol