Module 05 - Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Question 1

What are the 4 stages of disease prevention?

Answer 1

Stage 1: Primordial Prevention
Stage 2: Primary Prevention
Stage 3: Secondary Prevention
Stage 4: Tertiary Prevention

Question 2

What is Primordial Prevention?

Answer 2

targets the underlying health determinants by modifying social policies to improve the health of a population

Question 3

What is Primary Prevention?

Answer 3

• targets susceptible individuals and attempts to prevent disease development
• targets exposures and risk factors for specific diseases as well as ways to increase immunity

Question 4

What is Secondary Prevention?

Answer 4

• early detection and treatment of disease

Question 5

What is Tertiary Prevention?

Answer 5

• when a disease has developed and is in its clinical phase, tertiary prevention strategies help to reduce the impact of the disease on the patient’s function, survival, and quality of life

Question 6

What are some example of environmental factors?

Answer 6

• occupation
• housing/living conditions
• school or work environment

Question 7

What are some examples of social factors?

Answer 7

• education
• family
• SES
• war/conflict
• culture
• race/racism

Question 8

What are some examples of other factors (not environmental/social) ?

Answer 8

• internal/external factors that affect health
• healthy/unhealthy behaviours
• availability of quality health services

Question 9

What are the four barriers of the SEM?

Answer 9

1. Intrapersonal
2. Interpersonal
3. Community/Institution
4. Public Policy

Question 10

What is perceived susceptibility?

Answer 10

• a person’s subjective perception of their risk of acquiring a disease or illness

Question 11

What is perceived seriousness?

Answer 11

• a person’s subjective persception of a disease or illness, including the medical and social consequences

Question 12

What is perceived benefits?

Answer 12

• a person’s erception of the effectiveness of a behaviour in reducing the risk of disease

Question 13

What is perceived barriers?

Answer 13

• a person’s perception of the obstacle to adopting a healthy behaviour, which are weighted against the benefits

Question 14

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 14

the level of a person’s confidence in their ability to successfully carry out a health behaviour change

Question 15

What are cues to action?

Answer 15

the spcific triggers, both external and internal, needed to prompt the decision-making process to engage in a specific health behaviour change

Question 16

What are the 6 stages of change in the TTM?

Answer 16

1. precontemplation
2. contemplation
3. preparation
4. action
5. maintenance
6. relapse

Question 17

What is precontemplation in the TTM?

Answer 17

• Individuals in this stage are unaware of the need to change
• Often uninformed about the consequences of their behaviour

Question 18

What is contemplation in the TTM?

Answer 18

• ‘Getting ready’ stage
• Individuals in this stage are often ambivalent or ‘behavioural procrastinators’

Question 19

What is preparation in the TTM?

Answer 19

• Individuals in the preparation stage have motivation and a plan of action
• Some steps have been taken to change their behaviour

Question 20

What is action in the TTM?

Answer 20

Individuals are actively trying to modify their lifestyle and want to succeed

Question 21

What is maintenance in the TTM?

Answer 21

Individuals have sustained their behaviour change for at least six months and work towards preventing relapses to previous stages

Question 22

What is relapse in the TTM?

Answer 22

• Individuals in this stage have abandoned the ides of changing due to difficulty in maintaining their new behaviour
• Health care workers may encourage the individual to try again and re-enter the contemplation stage

Question 23

What are the three levels of health promotion?

Answer 23

1. Individual
2. Peer or Group
3. Population Based

Question 24

What is indivual health promotion?

Answer 24

happens through one-on-one interactions

Question 25

What is peer or group health promotion?

Answer 25

includes small groups, institutions, or entire communities, and can occur in many spaces, such as classrooms, theatre groups, or field trips

Question 26

What is population based health promotion?

Answer 26

• legislation, regulation, and policy
• social marketing

Question 27

What are the 3 factors involved in Indigenous health promotion?

Answer 27

1. Protective factors
2. Prevention
3. Spirituality

Question 28

What are some examples of protective factors?

Answer 28

• self-government
• land control
• control over cultural activities

Question 29

What are some examples of prevention?

Answer 29

• community based approaches
• gatekeeper training
• peer support groups

Question 30

What are some examples of spirituality?

Answer 30

• using Indigenous concepts of well-being and spiritual practices: pow-wows, sweetgrass ceremonies, and sweat lodges

Question 31

What are the four smoking cessation interventions?

Answer 31

1. Cold Turkey
2. Weaning
3. Therapy & Support Groups
4. Medical Treament

Question 32

What are the 6 types of public health interventions?

Answer 32

1. epidemiology and surveillance
2. outreach
3. social marketing
4. screening
5. health teaching
6. policy development

Question 33

What are the 4 steps of developing an intervention?

Answer 33

1. Identify and assess the level of the problem
2. Develop a solution to the problem
3. Describe the action plan for the intervention
4. Assess the potential impact