Module 05: Ethics Eastern Moral Philosophy

Question 1

According to Hinduism, this pertains to customs and laws of society.

Answer 1

Dharma

Question 2

Dharma correlates with what?

Answer 2

Duty

Question 3

According to Hinduism, the observance of the dharma leads to a what?

Answer 3

Righteous life

Question 4

According to Hinduism, good deeds lead to good consequences while bad deeds lead to bad consequences

Answer 4

Karma

Question 5

He is known as the founder of the Confucian School and of Confucianism.

Answer 5

Confucius

Question 6

What is the book of Confucius called?

Answer 6

Analects

Question 7

What is the Golden Rule?

Answer 7

“Do not impose on others what you do not wish for yourself”

Question 8

In light of Confucianism, a person should do good because of what?

Answer 8

For their own sake

Question 9

In light of Confucianism, how should we love?

Answer 9

(1) We should love everyone, but with distinctions
(2) Gradation, degrees, in love
(3) We must love more those closer to us, like parents, .

Question 10

He is known as the founder of the Mohist School or Mohism.

Answer 10

Mo Tzu or Mo Ti

Question 11

This philosophy is known as the rivalry of Confucianism.

Answer 11

Mohism

Question 12

In light of Mohism, why should we do good?

Answer 12

Do good for the benefits it brings

Question 13

In light of Mohism, how should a person love?

Answer 13

(1) Universal love.
(2) We should love all equally, no distinctions, discrimination
(3) Other people, countries, are to be treated as our own

Question 14

What happens if people love one another?

Answer 14

If people love one another, there would be no crimes; if countries love one another, there would be no wars.

Question 15

What is known as the source of conflict and disorder?

Answer 15

Loving with Distinctions

Question 16

He is known as a Confucian.

Answer 16

Mencius

Question 17

According to Mencius, humans in nature are what?

Answer 17

They are good, benevolent.

Question 18

According to Mencius, why are humans in nature, good and benevolent?

Answer 18

Man is born with 4 Seeds of Goodness: (not taught, not learned)

(1) Feeling of Commiseration or pity
(2) Feeling of shame or dislike
(3) Feeling of deference or respect
(4) Feeling of right and wrong

Question 19

This seed of goodness leads to the Confucian virtue of humanity.

Answer 19

Feeling of Commiseration or pity

Question 20

This seed of goodness leads to the Confucian virtue of righteousness.

Answer 20

Feeling of shame or dislike

Question 21

This seed of goodness leads to the Confucian virtue of propriety.

Answer 21

Feeling of deference or respect

Question 22

This seed of goodness leads to the Confucian virtue of wisdom.

Answer 22

Feeling of right and wrong.

Question 23

What happens when the four seeds of goodness are cultivated or developed?

Answer 23

(1) The 4 Seeds, if cultivated or developed, lead to the 4 Confucian virtues
(2) Vice–failure to cultivate the 4 Seeds of Goodness

Question 24

He is a Confucian who believed that all humans are by nature evil.

Answer 24

Hsun Tzu

Question 25

Hsun Tzu believed that?

Answer 25

Humans are born selfish and full of desires. They really have no seeds of goodness.

Question 26

According to Hsun Tzu, this is the result of education and the
coercive power of the law

Answer 26

Goodness or Virtue

Question 27

Education does what?

Answer 27

Makes people civilized

Question 28

Laws do what?

Answer 28

Controls man’s evil tendencies

Question 29

He is the founder of Buddhism.

Answer 29

Gautama the Buddha

Question 30

According to Buddhism, suffering is due to what?

Answer 30

Suffering is due to desires

Question 31

According to Buddhism, the mind should be free from what?

Answer 31

The mind should be free from impurities–cruelty, lust, ill-will, bad wishes, envy, revenge

Question 32

What should people avoid according to Buddhism?

Answer 32

(1) Be careful with words–avoid lies, harsh words (sarcasm), speaking behind others, foul words, gossip, idle talk, smear campaigns
(2) Avoid crimes, vices, sexual misconduct,
(3) Engage in a decent work or profession, not illegal and does not harm others; avoid immoral means to earn money like prostitution, fraud, soothsaying, demanding high interest on loans
(4) Avoid temptations
(5) Be in control of emotions, anger