Module 04: The Psychology of the Self

Question 1

The scientific study of the human mind and its function, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

This is the way a person thinks about and views his or her traits, beliefs and purpose within the world.

Answer 2

Sense of Self (Dash & Tripathy, 2012)

Question 3

He is known as the father of American Psychology. He believed that the self has two aspects: “I Self” and “Me Self”

Answer 3

William James

Question 4

This is a reflection of what people see in one’s actions in the physical world. (e.g. recognizing that one is reading, running or drinking.

Answer 4

I Self

Question 5

This represents an individual’s reflection about himself or herself (e.g. branding oneself as risk-taker, intelligent, kind.

Answer 5

Me Self

Question 6

He believed that there are three contributing components to the development of the sense of self: self-image, self-esteem and the
ideal self.

Answer 6

Carl Rogers

Question 7

This is how we view ourselves.

Answer 7

self-image

Question 8

This refers to a person’s overall sense of his or her value or worth. It can be considered a sort of measure of how much a person “values, approves of, appreciates, prizes, or likes him or herself”(

Answer 8

Self-Esteem (Adler & Stewart, 2004).

Question 9

This is the person that you aspire to be

Answer 9

Ideal Self (McLeod, 2008)

Question 10

This affects our self-esteem

Answer 10

Social Comparison

Question 11

According to this theory, we learn about ourselves, the appropriateness of our behaviors, as well as our social status by comparing aspects of ourselves with other people (Jhangiani and Tarry 2014: Hogg and Vaughan 2010)

Answer 11

Social Comparison Theory

Question 12

How do we react when we feel threatened when someone outperforms us, especially when that person is close to us

Answer 12

1. We distance ourselves from that person or redefine our relationship with them. (Jhangiani and Tarry 2014);
2. We may also reconsider the importance of the aspect or skill in which you were outperformed. (Jhangiani and Tarry 2014);
3. We may also strengthen our resolve to improve that certain aspect of ourselves. (Jhangiano and Tarry 2014)

Question 13

This theory gives us a view regarding our reactions when we feel threatened when someone outperforms us, especially when that person is close to us

Answer 13

Self-Esteem and Self-Evaluation Maintenance Theory

Question 14

This is a “trait characterized by overly high self-esteem, self-admiration,
and self-centeredness. (Jhangiani and Tarry 2014)

Answer 14

Narcissim

Question 15

According to him, human personality is complex and has more than a single component.

Answer 15

Sigmund Freud

Question 16

This theory states that personality is composed of three elements known as the id, the ego, and the superego. These elements work together to create complex human behaviors.

Answer 16

psychoanalytic theory

Question 17

This is the first part of the self to develop. This is known as the seat of all our desires and wants. In a nutshell, collection of urges that need to be fulfilled.
This part of the self has no awareness other than it wants what it wants.

Answer 17

Id

Question 18

What does the id not care of?

Answer 18

morals or societal norms.

Question 19

It is the part of us that functions in reality. This has the capability to
distinguish what is right or wrong based on the given context. This also
somewhat acts as the gatekeeper for both, which maintains the balance between the two.

Answer 19

Ego

Question 20

This seeks to attain the ideal of a perfect ego. This is often portrayed as the little angel whispering on our shoulder that plagues us with shame and guilt when we fail to meet its standards.

Answer 20

super ego

Question 21

How did Freud characterized the super ego?

Answer 21

The superego can be rigid and punishing as it is irrational in its view
of perfection.

Question 22

They viewed the self as unified.

Answer 22

Descartes and Locke

Question 23

According to this theory, the identity of a person develops in a continuity of consciousness. What makes me “me” is the network of memories, hopes, expectations, fantasies, convictions and other thoughts that comprise my own consciousness. In other words, we think of ourselves as one person, whose thoughts, hopes, expectations and feelings are just a part of who we are.

Answer 23

Unified Self Theory

Question 24

This describes the self as a complex of multiple definitions and parts, where some parts may be masked or hidden,

Answer 24

divided self or multiple self

Question 25

They described the self in matters such as the experiential self, private self, and public self.

Answer 25

Sedikedes & Spences (2007) and Katoch & Katoch (2017)

Question 26

This is the part of you that disappears when you enter a deep sleep and flashes on and off as you dream and then come back again as you wake.

Answer 26

Experiential self

Question 27

This is the the “interpreter” part of your being that narrates and makes
sense of what is going on

Answer 27

Private self

Question 28

This is the person that you attempt to project to others, which in
turn, interacts with how other people see you.

Answer 28

Public self