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UNDERSTANDING THE SELF > Module 02: The Philosophy of the Self > Flashcards

Module 02: The Philosophy of the Self Flashcards

1
Q

What is the root word of Philosophy?

A

(1) Philo = Love
(2) Sophos = Wisdom

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2
Q

What is the gist of Philosophy?

A

It is the study of knowledge or rather thinking about thinking.

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3
Q

This pertains to the study of the ultimate nature of existence, reality, knowledge and goodness, as discoverable by human reasoning. Moreover, it is the search for knowledge and truth, especially about the nature of man and his behavior and beliefs.

A

Philosophy

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4
Q

According to him, the highest form of human existence is to question oneself and others.

A

Socrates

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5
Q

According to Socrates, man has to look at himself and perceive his life-long mission which is to “__________________.”

A

Know Thyself

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6
Q

What is the most horrible thing that can happen to anybody according to Socrates?

A

To live but die inside, because an examined life is not worth living

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7
Q

Based on the philosophy of Socrates, this is entailed to preserve our souls for the afterlife.

A

Self Knowledge and Virtue

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8
Q

The individual personhood is constituted of two things:

A

(1) Body
(2) Soul

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9
Q

According to him, the soul is immortal and death is not the end of existence. He raised the point that just because something seems true does not mean it is true.

A

Socrates

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10
Q

According to him, the soul is immortal and separated from the body. The soul does not exist with the body.

A

Plato

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11
Q

What does the philosophy of Plato convey when it stated that ensuing after death, the soul moves to another body. Hence, it exists prior to being joined with the human body?

A

Reincarnation

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12
Q

According to Plato, the human soul or psyche is divided into three parts, namely:

A

(1) Appetitive Soul
(2) Rational Soul
(3) Spirited Soul

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13
Q

This philosopher, comparably like Plato, also believes that the human soul or psyche is immortal. However, he conforms to the idea that a person is solely constituted of one body and one soul.

A

Augustine

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13
Q

This is the imperfect aspect of man that is bound to perish on earth, which incessantly longs to be in communion with the spiritual realm of the Divine God.

A

Body

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14
Q

This is forged by reason and intellect has to govern the affairs of the human person.

A

Rational Soul

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14
Q

This soul is in charge of emotions should be kept in control at all times.

A

Spirited Soul

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14
Q

This soul is in charge of base desires like eating, drinking, sleeping and having sex should be controlled as well.

A

Appetitive Soul

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14
Q

What is procured according to Plato when the three souls constituting the human psyche is working harmoniously?

A

Justice

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15
Q

This is capable of reaching immortality by staying after death in an eternal realm with the all- transcendent God.

A

Soul

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16
Q

According to his theory of self-knowledge, he claims that all our experiences about the world around us determine our self-knowledge.

A

Saint Thomas Aquinas

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16
Q

What is gist of the philosophy of Saint Thomas Aquinas?

A

The more experience we have, the more we get to know ourselves (more experiences = more self-knowledge)

16
Q

What is the optimal goal (purpose) of humans according to Augustine?

A

To attain this spiritual union with God by living his life according to virtues.

16
Q

According to Saint Thomas Aquinas, who can unravel the question “Who am I?” How can it be resolved?

A

Me or I = the one asking the question. It can be resolved by reasoning taken from life encounters as evidences.

17
Q

According to Saint Thomas Aquinas, if our being is not composed of isolated minds or selves, then what are we?

A

Agents interacting with the environment

18
Q

This is related to answering the “Who am I?” question, which requires becoming more aware of ourselves as we engage with real-life experiences.

A

Aquinas’ deeper sense of self

19
Q

He is deemed as the Father of Modern Philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

20
Q

This idea pertains that the mind is somehow separate from the physical attributes of the body. The body is nothing but a machine attached to the mind, while the mind is part of the unseen creation.

A

Dualism

20
Q

Based on Dualism, existence is divided into two parts

A

(1) Body
(2) Mind

20
Q

According to him, identity means being one thing and not another. It is what makes you “you” and me “me”.

A

John Locke

20
Q

This famous line of Rene Descartes pertains to the idea that all that we are comes from the mind.

A

Cogito Ergo Sum (I think, therefore I am)

21
Q

The mind is considered as the ____________________ because it houses our drive, intellect, passion, and understanding. It gives us a our identity and sense of self.

A

Seat of Consciousness

22
Q

Our identity is tied to it. It is the is the perception of what passes in a man’s own mind.

A

Consciousness

23
Q

Based on the Philosophy of the John Locke, the idea that a person keeps the same identity over time.

A

Individuation

24
Q

What does the philosophy of John Locke state?

A

Our memories give us identity.

25
Q

This philosopher is an empiricist that heeds the idea that only through our physical experiences using our sense of sight, sound, touch, taste and smell that we know what we know.

A

David Hume

26
Q

According to David Hume, experiences are constituted of:

A

(1) Impression
(2) Idea

26
Q

According to David Hume, this pertains to everything that originate from our senses.

A

Impression

26
Q

According to David Hume, this pertains to just faint images of thinking and reasoning based on impressions.

A

Idea

27
Q

What is the gist of David Hume’s Philosophy?

A

We perceive a sense of self depending on how our mind put impressions together and makes sense of them as “me”.

28
Q

He recognizes the veracity of Hume’s account that everything starts with perception and sensation of impressions. Although, he thinks that the things that men perceive around them are not just randomly infused into the human person without an organizing principle that regulates the relationship of all of these impressions.

A

Immanuel Kant

29
Q

According to Immanuel Kant, this organizes the impressions that men get from the external world.

A

The mind

30
Q

This theory which states that REASON is the foundation of all knowledge rather than experience.

A

Rationalism

31
Q

This self is comprised of our psychological state and our rational intellect.

A

Inner Self

32
Q

This self includes our sense and the physical world.

A

External (Outer) Self

33
Q

According to him, our behaviors and actions that give us our sense of self. The mind does not exist separately from the body. He claims that this is a category mistake.

A

Gilbert Ryle

34
Q

What is the philosophy of Gilbert Ryle?

A

We do neither get our sense of self from the mind nor from the body, but from our behavior in our day-to-day activities.

35
Q

According to him, he holds the belief that the PHYSICAL BRAIN is where we get our sense of self.

A

Paul Churchland

36
Q

According to Paul Churchland, this is the belief that nothing but MATTER exists.

A

Eliminative Materialism

37
Q

What is the philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty?

A

The self and perception are encompassed in a physical body. The physical body is part of the self because it is not a prison, it is the subject that embodies itself.

38
Q

This philosopher asserts that the MIND and BODY division that has been going on for a long time is a futile endeavor and an INVALID problem. Instead, he said that the MIND and BODY are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

38
Q
A

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (5 decks)

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