Module 04: Empowerment - Stress, & Coping

Question 1

critical awareness

Answer 1

Becoming knowledgeable of the injustices or the oppressions in an individual’s life and in society around them.

Question 2

advocacy

Answer 2

Advocacy involves active promotion of a cause or principle involving actions that lead to a selected goal.

Question 3

Shift-and-Persist

Answer 3

A strategy for adapting to stress that requires individuals to first shift their views of the problem and themselves within the context of the problem/stressors.

Question 4

community-based participatory research

Answer 4

Research that involves an exchange of resources and ideas between researchers and the community members as a way of understanding that is guided by community needs, also known as “participatory action research.”

Question 5

public policy

Answer 5

The laws, regulations, course of action, and funding priorities issued by the government to address a social issue at the local, state, and national level.

Question 6

dehumanizing structures

Answer 6

Also known as power structures; structures created in society that benefit the oppressor class in the form of institutions, policies, influence, and other societal constructs.

Question 7

emotion-focused coping style

Answer 7

When an individual responds with efforts to manage the emotional response to a stressful event by focusing directly on it in a constructive way.

Question 8

community resilience

Answer 8

The collective ability of a defined group of people or geographic area to deal with change or adversity effectively.

Question 9

intra-organizational strategies

Answer 9

Activities or actions that promote empowerment between departments or divisions within an organization.

Question 10

seeking help

Answer 10

When an individual responds by using other people as a resource to assist in finding a solution, understand the problem, or express feelings of distress related to the problem.

Question 11

overload

Answer 11

The “wear and tear” on the body when stress response is triggered too often and/or remains hyperactive too long.

Question 12

acute stressors

Answer 12

Observable stressful events that are time-limited.

Question 13

coping styles

Answer 13

The personality dispositions or traits that transcend the influence of the situational context and time when choosing coping strategies (Lazarus, 1993).

Question 14

organizational empowerment

Answer 14

A process in which an organization exerts its control and influence to facilitate the empowerment of its members. The process includes supporting organization members, building coalitions with other organizations, and making changes in the community around the organization.

Question 15

avoiding the problem

Answer 15

Involves avoidant actions and cognitive avoidance, these strategies attempt to manage emotions by trying to avoid thinking about the stressor.

Question 16

homeostatis

Answer 16

An ideal “set point” that depends on the person and context. The homeostatic process is a tendency toward a relative equilibrium between independent processes.

Question 17

psychological empowerment

Answer 17

A process by which one first increases critical awareness and understanding of the power dynamics that occur at multiple levels in one’s life. To address these power dynamics, one then develops skills for gaining control over affected aspects of one’s life.

Question 18

coping models

Answer 18

Refer to approaches that explain the processes of how an individual handles a stressor(s). An individual’s coping model will be determined by cultural, social, and personality characteristics of people and will elicit a given set of coping strategies.

Question 19

ecological approach

Answer 19

Understanding the relationships between people and their social environments (e.g., families, groups, communities, and societies).

Question 20

support-seeking strategies

Answer 20

Strategies for coping with stress, which include seeking advice or information, or direct assistance from others.

Question 21

resilience

Answer 21

A dynamic process characterized by positive outcomes despite adversity or stress.

Question 22

exploitation

Answer 22

Exploitation occurs when one social group is able to take for itself what is produced by another group.

Question 23

community empowerment

Answer 23

Empowerment occurring at the community level, in which members uses resources, develop skills, exert influence, and effectively organize to address the issues that matter to the community.

Question 24

respect for diversity

Answer 24

Acknowledgment, acceptance, and respect for the full range of human characteristics in their social, historical, and cultural contexts.

Question 25

capacity building

Answer 25

A process in which communities or organizations work to improve their collective skills and resources.

Question 26

oppression

Answer 26

Oppression can be described as the collusion of dehumanization and exploitation.

Question 27

adaptive coping

Answer 27

Refers to the effectiveness of a given coping response within a given context and for a given challenge or problem that the individual experiences as stressful.

Question 28

societal empowerment

Answer 28

Empowerment occurring at the societal level; considers the equitable distribution of resources and access to power broadly across groups.

Question 29

problem-focused coping style

Answer 29

When the individuals respond with cognitive and behavioral efforts at managing or altering the problem causing distress.

Question 30

empowerment

Answer 30

The process of gaining power emerging at the individual, organizational, community, and societal levels, which are affected by peoples’ previous experiences, skills, actions, and context.

Question 31

seeking-understanding coping style

Answer 31

When an individual responds by finding meaning and understanding, not seeking to put a positive interpretation on the problem, but to learn.

Question 32

at-risk

Answer 32

Individuals who experience significant and chronic stressor events and are at-risk for developing associate physiological (e.g., cardiovascular complications) and psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression) symptoms.

Question 33

self-efficacy

Answer 33

An internal belief in one’s innate ability to achieve a desired goal.

Question 34

leadership

Answer 34

In community psychology practice, the ability to enhance the capacity of individuals and groups to lead effectively, by collaboratively engaging, energizing, and mobilizing individuals and groups regarding an issue of shared importance (Dalton & Wolfe, 2012).

Question 35

stress

Answer 35

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

Question 36

individual empowerment

Answer 36

A process in which one believes in one’s capabilities and develops skills to take control over aspects of one’s life.

Question 37

dehumanization

Answer 37

Involves redefining the targets of prejudice and violence by making them seem less human (that is, less civilized or less sentient) than other people.

Question 38

coping process

Answer 38

Ongoing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage external or internal demands/problems/challenges perceived by the individual as stressful. The process for coping is influenced by the context where the demand arises, the time the stressors last, and how long before one responds.

Question 39

chronic stressors

Answer 39

Persistent demands on an individual; typically open-ended, using up our resources in coping but not promising resolution.