Module 01: Intro to Community Psychology

Question 1

clinical-community

Answer 1

A type of doctoral program that provides students both clinical training, such as psychopathology, therapy, and assessment, as well as Community Psychology skills, such as consultation, evaluation, and community intervention.

Question 2

first-order change

Answer 2

Involves minor changes that lead to small, short term improvements by focusing exclusively on the individuals.

Question 3

wellness

Answer 3

A term that refers to physical and psychological health, as well as attainment of personal goals and well-being.

Question 4

critical psychology

Answer 4

This perspective seeks a psychological understanding within historical, social, cultural, and
political contexts.

Question 5

community psychology

Answer 5

A field that goes beyond an individual focus and integrates social, cultural, economic, political, environmental, and international influences to promote positive change, health, and
empowerment at individual and systemic levels (SCRA27.org).

Question 6

second-order change

Answer 6

Involves initiating more structural, long term, and sustainable transformational changes.

Question 7

healthcare

Answer 7

Organization that provides health care or related services (e.g., health focused research).

Question 8

evaluation

Answer 8

The use of different research methods to understand person-environment interactions and also determine whether community interventions have been successful.

Question 9

contextual factors

Answer 9

The individual, psychological, familial, community, and societal factors that influence people.

Question 10

heroism

Answer 10

When a person who engages with underprivileged, disadvantaged populations and delivers critical solutions or consultations.

Question 11

non-profit organization

Answer 11

Local or national organizations that focus on a specific cause. They invest their income back into the organization to further their cause as opposed to distributing the earnings to shareholders, leaders, or members.

Question 12

ecological

Answer 12

Understanding the relationships between people and their social environments (e.g., families, groups, communities, and societies).

Question 13

medical model

Answer 13

In psychology, the medical model involves a therapist delivering one-on-one psychotherapy to patients. In medicine, it involves physicians providing treatments for one patient at a time.

Question 14

community psychologists

Answer 14

A person who seeks to improve community well-being through a cycle of collaborative planning, action and research in partnership with local community members.

Question 15

action-oriented research

Answer 15

Research that generates knowledge through participatory university/community partnerships in the hope of bringing about social change.

Question 16

community-based participatory research

Answer 16

Research that involves an exchange of resources and ideas between researchers and the
community members as a way of understanding that is guided by community needs, also known as «participatory action research.»

Question 17

globalization

Answer 17

The process of the movement and integration of local and national economies, including workers and governments, into a worldwide market with the goal of creating a global market economy.

Question 18

competencies

Answer 18

The 18 competencies help define and clarify the unique combination of skills and values that differentiate community psychologists from other people working in community settings.

Question 19

Community Mental Health Movement

Answer 19

A national movement in the 1960s to more efficiently and cost-effectively treat mental illness in community settings rather than solely in psychiatric hospitals.

Question 20

individualistic perspective

Answer 20

A focus on the individual where the influence of larger environmental or societal factors is ignored.

Question 21

respect for diversity

Answer 21

Acknowledgment, acceptance, and respect for the full range of human characteristics in their social, historical, and cultural contexts.

Question 22

government

Answer 22

A legislative, executive or judiciary department, agency or commission that establishes and enforces laws and regulations, and provides basic infrastructure, health, education, public safety, and commerce/trade to supports its citizenry.

Question 23

interdependencies

Answer 23

The interrelated relationships between the factors in the ecological model and how they influence people adapting to their environments.

Question 24

interdisciplinary collaboration

Answer 24

Scientists from multiple disciplines work together to try to understand complex social and community problems.

Question 25

active citizen participation

Answer 25

Assures a higher level of involvement in partnerships involving both community psychologists and community members.

Question 26

Ecological Psychology

Answer 26

A subfield of psychology related to Community Psychology which focuses on the real-world relationships between people and their environments.

Question 27

non-traditional community psychologists

Answer 27

A person who pursues training in other academic fields or have lived experiences as a community advocate.

Question 28

social justice

Answer 28

Involves the fair distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges that provide equal
opportunities for education, health care, work, and housing.

Question 29

capitalism

Answer 29

Also called a market economy, is an economic system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Question 30

grassroots

Answer 30

Individuals at the ground level of a community group or an organization are brought into key roles in intervention design and planning.

Question 31

mixed methods research

Answer 31

Thoughtful combining of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods.

Question 32

indigenous

Answer 32

Native, or aboriginal, meaning belonging to a locality. Native implies birth or origin in a place or region and may suggest compatibility with it.

Question 33

strength-based approach

Answer 33

Focuses on building competencies and skills, rather than fixing deficits.

Question 34

adaptation

Answer 34

Focuses on interactions between persons and their environments to better understand why behavior that is effective in one setting may not be useful in others.

Question 35

sense of community

Answer 35

An individual’s perception of similarity to others, giving to others what one expects from them, and the feeling that one is part of a larger dependable and stable group.

Question 36

ethnocentrism

Answer 36

The act of judging another culture based on preconceptions that are found in the values and standards of one’s own culture.

Question 37

cultural humility

Answer 37

Ongoing process of learning about other cultures and being sensitive to cultural differences. Cultural humility includes acknowledging one’s own lack of knowledge about aspects of culture and recognizing power dynamics that impact the relationship.

Question 38

deinstitutionalization

Answer 38

The long-term process of reducing the number of psychiatric hospitals and replacing them with less isolatory and community-based alternatives for people with disabilities or mental illnesses.

Question 39

policy

Answer 39

Working with legislative, executive, or judicial branches of government to bring about change at the local, community, and societal levels.

Question 40

context

Answer 40

The surroundings, circumstances, environment, background, or settings which determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.

Question 41

psychosocial

Answer 41

The relationship between thought and behavior, and social factors.

Question 42

colonialism

Answer 42

The extension of a nation’s sovereignty over territory beyond its borders by the establishment of either settler colonies or administrative dependencies in which indigenous populations are directly ruled or displaced. Colonizing nations generally dominate the resources, labor, and markets of the colonial territory, and may also impose socio-cultural, religious, and linguistic structures on the conquered population.

Question 43

interdependence

Answer 43

Because everything is connected, changing one aspect of an environment will have many ripple effects.

Question 44

practice settings

Answer 44

Environments that allow for the application of Community Psychology practice principles in an applied environment.

Question 45

liberation

Answer 45

Analyses that emphasizes social concern for the poor and the political emancipation for oppressed peoples.

Question 46

empowerment

Answer 46

The process of gaining power emerging at the individual, organizational, community, and societal levels, which are affected by peoples’ previous experiences, skills, actions, and context.

Question 47

culture

Answer 47

Dynamic concept of shared meanings and experiences that are passed down over time and generations. Culture includes shared beliefs, values, practices, definitions and other elements that are expressed through family socialization, formal schooling, shared language, social roles, and norms for feeling, thinking, and acting.

Question 48

qualitative method

Answer 48

Methods involving collecting data that typically consists of words that provide comprehensive descriptions of participants’ experiences.

Question 49

systems perspective

Answer 49

A consideration of individual, group, community, and ecological contextual factors when examining a phenomenon of interest.

Question 50

consulting

Answer 50

Using expertise and skills to provide advice, and support to other organizations looking to make decisions or change something within their organization.

Question 51

Swampscott Conference

Answer 51

The 1965 inaugural conference in Swampscott, Massachusetts that led to the creation of the field of Community Psychology.

Question 52

collective wellness

Answer 52

Understanding and encouraging the state of good health for groups of people and communities.

Question 53

pragmaticism

Answer 53

An approach that assesses the truth of meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.

Question 54

Biennial Conference

Answer 54

A conference held every two years by The Society for Community Research and Action.

Question 55

imperialism

Answer 55

The political and economic control of one nation over another.

Question 56

Midwest Ecological Community Psychology Conference

Answer 56

An annual Community Psychology conference organized and led by students in the Midwest. Other regional conferences include the Southeast, Northeast, and Eastern ECO conferences, as well as the Community Research and Action in the West Conference.

Question 57

cultural competence

Answer 57

Possessing the skills and knowledge necessary to effectively work with members of a culture.

Question 58

prevention

Answer 58

The focus on actions that stop problems before they happen by boosting individual skills as well as by engaging in environmental change.