Module 03: Data and Data Processing Flashcards
The process of moving from data collection to implementation and evaluation of care is dependent on what?
AUTOMATED DATABASE SYSTEMS
What is the goal of automated data systems?
To drive quality care at lower costs
Automated database systems can drive quality care at lower costs through what?
(A) Reducing overutilization of services
(B) Improving coding and billing practices
(C) Empowering patients
(D) Measuring trends
(E) Predicting outcomes
(F) Examining how improved workflow and productivity influence quality outcomes
This is known as raw and uninterrupted facts without meaning.
DATA (120, 80, 20, 95)
This is known as the product of organizing and processing data to identify patterns and relationships.
Information (Vital Signs, Systolic Blood Pressure 120)
This is known as the product of understanding and interpreting information.
Knowledge (BP 120/80: NORMAL)
This is known as the application of knowledge as the basis for making clinical judgement and decisions and choosing nursing actions for nursing implementation.
Wisdom (Assessment: HEALTHY, ADULT MALE)
What constitutes data in nelson data to wisdom continuum?
(A) Naming
(B) Collecting
(C) Organizing
What constitutes information in nelson data to wisdom continuum?
(A) Organizing
(B) Interpreting
What constitutes knowledge in nelson data to wisdom continuum?
(A) Interpreting
(B) Integrating
(C) Understanding
What constitutes wisdom in nelson data to wisdom continuum?
(A) Understanding
(B) Applying
(C) Integrating service with compassion
This type of data is characterized as archived data that rarely change, stored in hard drives, flash drives, or cloud servers.
Data at Rest
Give an example of Data at Rest.
Patient’s past medical records.
This type of data is characterized as a data that a database program is currently reading or writing, residing in temporary memory.
Data in Use
Give an example of Data in Use.
Date of birth, test results.
This type of data is characterized to be a data moving between applications over the network.
Data in Motion
Give an example of Data in Motion.
Data from sensors and monitoring devices
This is known as an organized collection of related data.
Database
What are the different factors affecting the location of information in a database?
(A) Data naming (indexing
(B) Organizational schemes
(C) Sizes and complexity
(D) Type of data
(E) Search methodoology
How is the term database used in nursing informatics?
It refers to automated database systems embedded in health information systems.
This type of data pertains to how the users view the data (financial data, patient data, or human resource data).
Conceptual data
This type of data is known as a computerized data type that consists of numbers, letters, or a combination of both.
Computer-Based Data
This type of data is characterized as data consisting of numbers, letters, or both, but cannot perform numeric calculations.
Alphanumeric Data
What is another term for Alphanumeric Data?
Text Field
This type of data is characterized as data that consists of numbers and can perform numeric calculations
Numeric Data
These are known as special types of numeric data that support certain numeric functions.
Date and Time Data
This is characterized as data with two options, such as Yes/No or True/False.
Logic Data
What is a key benefit of automated database systems?
“Data collected once, used many times.”
How does an automated database system benefit healthcare staff?
Registration staff captures patient data (e.g., date of birth), which nurses and doctors can reuse to determine the patient’s age group.
This is known as a computer program used to input, store, modify, process, and access data in a database.
Database Management System (DBMS)?
What are the three interacting parts of a DBMS?
(A) Data (e.g., Notes and Handouts)
(B) Designed Database & Fields (e.g., Folder/File Cabinets & Labels)
(C) Query Language (e.g., How you search for notes internally)
This phenomenon pertains to when the same data is stored more than once or in multiple interrelated databases.
Data Redundancy
How does an automated DBMS decrease data redundancy?
It links data, records it once, and allows access from a single location when needed.
What are three advantages of an automated DBMS?
(A) Decreases data redundancy
(B) Increases data consistency
(C) Improves access to all data
They describe the type of data expected in the related field.
FIELD
Each row of fields in a database, assigned a unique Primary Key.
RECORDS
A unique identifier assigned to each record to prevent duplication.
PRIMARY KEY
A set of related records that have the same data fields.
FILES
What are the four main functions of an Automated DBMS?
(A) Store the Data
(B) Update the Records
(C) Retrieve the Data
(D) Generate Reports
This is the foundation that determines how data is stored, organized, accessed, or manipulated.
DATABASE MODELING
What are the three main phases of Database Modeling?
(A) Conceptual
(B) Logical
(C) Physical
This is a high-level model that identifies entities and their relationships, reflecting the information used by an organization or business.
Conceptual Model
What is the purpose of a Conceptual Model?
To define the scope of information of interest without focusing on technical details.
This is a detailed model that describes data relationships without considering physical database implementation.
Logical Model
This describes the data in more detail without paying attention to the actual physical implementation or design of the database.
Physical Model
What are the types of Physical Database Models?
(A) Hierarchical Model
(B) Network Model
(C) Relational Database Model (RDM)
(D) Logic Data Model
This is a type of physical model structured like an “inverted tree,” where data access starts from the top (root/parent), and each child has only one parent.
Hierarchical Model
This type of physical model is similar to the hierarchical model, but a child can have multiple parents, allowing more complex relationships.
Network Model
A database model that organizes data in tables (series of files) where each datum is atomic or in its smallest format.
Relational Database Model (RDM)
What are the key components of an RDM table?
(A) Column = Attribute
(B) Row = Record
(C) Cell = Intersection of a Column and Row
What is a key feature of RDM?
It allows joining two or more files to generate a new file based on specific criteria.
What is the Object-Oriented Model in databases?
An evolution of the RDM that supports binary large objects (BLOBs) for handling complex data types like images and multimedia.
What is the first phase of the Database Life Cycle?
Initiation – Identifies a need or problem and considers DBMS as a solution.
What happens in the Planning and Analysis phase of the Database Life Cycle?
(A) Assesses user needs and views.
(B) Develops the conceptual model into a logical model.
(C) Determines the department’s information needs and usage.
What occurs in the Detailed Systems Design and Development phase?
(A) Selects the preferred physical model.
(B) Undergoes software development.
(C) Validates the software with users.
What is the final phase of the Database Life Cycle?
Implementation – Involves user training, final preparations (manual, piloting), and “Going Live.”
What happens in the Evaluation and Maintenance phase of the Database Life Cycle?
(A) Users take weeks or months to adjust.
(B) Adjustments to the database and procedures are common.
(C) Initial evaluations are informal but later follow a formal change management process.
What are Data Input Operations?
(A) Entering new data.
(B) A well-designed screen helps reduce data entry errors (e.g., alerts, error messages).
(C) Updating or modifying data.
Why is it important to track changes in patient data?
It’s crucial to know who made the changes, what the original data was, what modifications were made, and possibly why the changes were made.
What are Data Processing Processes?
(A) Extracting information.
(B) Discovering new meanings by converting raw data.
What are Data Output Operations?
(A) Generating online or written reports.
(B) Presenting processed data in charts and graphs for easier understanding.
This is a large collection of data imported from various systems into a single database.
Data Warehouse
These are smaller collections of data, often focused on a specific subject or department.
Data Marts
What is the purpose of a Data Warehouse?
(A) It integrates data, sparing users from learning multiple different applications.
(B) It separates analytical and operational processing.
What is the first function of a Data Warehouse?
Extracting data from various systems and importing it into the data warehouse, revising data definitions for integration.
What are Primary Data and Secondary Data in a Data Warehouse?
(A) Primary Data: Original date elements imported into the warehouse.
(B) Secondary Data: Aggregated data produced by the warehouse.
What is the third function of a Data Warehouse?
Delivering the data back to the users in the form of information.
This is the process used to make quality decisions using available data, guiding decision-making through systematic examination and evaluation of data.
Data Analytics
What does Data Analytics aim to uncover?
Interrelationships within data that produce new insights and information.
This is known as the analytics that include both administrative data for daily operations and strategic (long-range) planning data.
Business Intelligence
A visual display that consolidates the most important information for achieving objectives, arranged on a single screen for easy monitoring.
DASHBOARD
What types of data can be displayed on a Dashboard?
Clinical data, hospital operations, patient performance, physician data, pain assessments, and staff turnover.
An aspect of data governance that ensures appropriate access to users, helps them understand data, and maintains data quality.
Data Stewardship?
What role does a Data Steward play?
A data steward ensures the quality of data and acts as the “keeper of the data,” but does not own the data.
The process of extracting information and knowledge from large-scale databases to find patterns that assist in providing quality care, predicting treatment choices, and using health resources effectively.
Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD)
What are the steps involved in Data Mining?
(A) Define the goal.
(B) Mine the data using computational techniques for patterns.
(C) Visualize the reports.
This is a process of comparing measures with industry averages or against the best performers, usually covering structure, process measures, and outcomes.
Benchmarking
What are the steps involved in Benchmarking?
(A) Define the goal and objectives.
(B) Define the appropriate indicators.
(C) Collect the data.
(D) Determine the results.
Data generated from digital sources such as sensors, social media, monitoring devices, as well as traditional digital data from EMRs, diagnostic tests, and images.
BIG DATA
What are the 3 Vs of Big Data?
(A) Volume: The amount of data generated.
(B) Velocity: The frequency of data delivery.
(C) Variety: The different forms of data (e.g., structured and unstructured formats).
This is used to help nurses provide quality care based on evidence by using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to model decisions that expert nurses would make.
Expert system
What are the benefits of an Expert System?
(A) Provides solutions faster than humans.
(B) Reduces waste and cuts costs.
(C) Improves patient care by sharing expert knowledge and wisdom.
Used for interacting with the end user.
Natural Language:
Contains decision-making rules.
Knowledge Base
Stores facts specific to the nursing domain.
Database
Links the knowledge base rules with the database.
Inference Engine
What is the challenge in Providing Evidence-Based Care?
Achieving evidence-based care at the point of care is often an elusive goal.
How can evidence-based care be achieved?
By consistently including data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in building automated healthcare information system
