Moduel 2.4: Protien Synthesis

Question 1

What is a gene

Answer 1

The portion of DNA with the information to make one protein

Question 2

Where are genes transcribed and translated

Answer 2

Single strand of dna is Transcribed in nucleus to messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), translated into protein in the cytoplasm

Question 3

What does one amino acid consist of

Answer 3

A sequence of three nucleotides (triplets)

Question 4

When does the transcription process begin

Answer 4

When RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence on the DNA, causing it to uncoil and separate

Question 5

When does translation begin, and briefly describe the process

Answer 5

Begins once mRNA is transported to cytosol. Ribosome binds to mRNA strand and holds it. Nucleotides are organized into groups of three which are called codons. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings appropriate amino acid to mRNA and this anti-codon complements the mRNA‘s codon. amino acids get bonded into a polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached and it’s released.

Question 6

Describe what tRNA looks like

Answer 6

Looks like an upside down lowercase T with a ball on top, which are the amino acids that correspond to the codon

Question 7

What is a signal sequence in regards to translation

Answer 7

Tells the final destination of the Proteine and is encoded by the first 15 to 30 amino acids

Question 8

In which two ways can a signal sequence signal

Answer 8

It can signal a Protein as cytosolic which means it will be translated by free ribosomes in cytosol, or as non-cytosolic which means it will be translated by the rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes. Examples of non-cytosolic are lysosomal, membrane, or secretory proteins